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jilia ij 15> 2002 ePf;fpaJ. vupnghUs;> czT> kUe;J tif Nghd;wd cl;gl
60,l;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nghUl;fis cs;slf;fpa ,g;nghUshjhuj; jilahdJ 1990Mk; Mz;bypUe;J
mKypy; ,Ue;J te;jJ> rpy nghUl;fs; fpsu;r;rpahsu;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s
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te;Js;ssd. nghUshjhuj; jilahdJ fpsu;r;rpahsu;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s
gpuNjrq;fspy; (,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j epyg;gug;gpy; 30%) jil nra;ag;gl;l>
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUl;fSf;fhd xU Kiwrhuh re;ijia Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ.
,e;jg; nghUshjhuj; jilahdJ
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nghUshjhu epu;tfpg;gpy; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wr; nra;jJ. ,J ,e;ehl;by; Xu; ,ul;ilg;
nghUshjhu mikg;G Vw;gl topNfhypaJ. fle;j 12 tUlq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; Vida gFjpfs;
jdpahu;Jiw Kd;dpd;w jhuhs nghUshjhu nfhs;ifia filg;gpbj;J te;j Ntis Gypfspd;
fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fs; XU fl;lis nghUshjhu khjpupia gpd;gw;wp te;Js;sJ.
mj;jpahtrpa Efu;Tg; nghUl;fspd; jl;Lg;ghL> gq;fPl;L Kiw> mjpTau;
gztPf;fk;> Gyp ,af;fj;jpdhy; elhj;jg;gl;l Nghf;Ftuj;J> tu;j;jf kw;Wk;
cw;gj;jp Nritfs; jhd; ,e;j fl;lisg; nghUshjuj;jpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfshf ,Ue;jd.
,Wjpahf> ij 15> 2002
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nghUshjhu kPl;rpf;Fj; jilahf ,Ue;j fhuzpfis milahsk; fhz;gJ MFk;.
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murhq;fj;jpd; jd;dpr;irahd eltbf;ifahf ,Ue;jNghJk;> A9 neLQ;rhiy jpwg;G MdJ
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Nehu;Nt murhq;fj;jpd;
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,af;fj;jpd; fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrj;jpw;Fk;> vjpu;jpirahfTk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj
nghUl;fspd; efu;T ,lk; ngWfpwJ. (MAjq;fs;> ntbkUe;Jfs;> njhiyNehf;fpfs;
kw;Wk; rpwpa kpd;fyq;fs; jtpu;e;J) ,Ug;gpDk;> ,yq;if murhq;fk; Gypfs; ,af;f
fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspypUe;J tUNthUf;Fk;; nry;NthUf;Fkhd gazr;rPl;L Kiwia
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fLik Fiwe;j) mKy;gLj;jp tUfpwJ. MfNt> Gyp ,af;fg; gFjpfSf;fhd Fbkf;fs;
elkhl;lk; ,d;dKk; KOikahf fl;Lg;ghlw;wJ my;y. Gyp ,af;f fl;Lg;ghl;L
gpuNjrq;fSldhd ,Utop nghUl;fspd; efu;T Mjhak; ngWgtu;fisAk; ,og;ghsu;fisAk;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
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nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ> Gyp ,af;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjr Efu;Nthu; Kf;fpa Mjhak;
ngWgtu;fshfTk; cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; Kf;fpa ,og;ghsu;fshfTk; cs;sdu;. ed;ikahd
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mwptPl;bdhy;> nghUl;fspd; tpiyfs;> jw;nghOJk; $l
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Ma;Tf; fl;Liu.
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nry;Yk; nghUl;fspdhy; mNj my;yJ mNj khjpupahd nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; cs;Su;
cw;gj;jpahsu; ghjfkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. Gyp ,af;f fl;Lg;ghl;Lg;
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ntspehLfspypUe;J jUtpf;fg;gl;lJkhd kypthd> juhjuj;jpy; cau;thd nghUl;fspd;
tUifahy; gwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
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murhq;fj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;glhky; ,Ue;J tUtNjahFk;. ,e;jg; gjpT nra;ahj jdpahu;
epWtdq;fs; murhq;f tu;j;jf tupfis fl;lhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf Ntz;Lnkd;Nw ,jidr;
nra;jpUf;fyhk;> Vnddpy; mtu;fs; jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F tup nrYj;jp
tUfpd;wdu;. tl khfhzj;jpy; ,yq;if murhq;f tupfis jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ
,yFthdjhFk;> Mdhy; Gyp tupfis my;y. ,jd; fhuzkhf> ngUkstpyhd Gjpa tpahghu
epWtdq;fs; jk;ikg; gjpT nra;ahky; Kiwrhuh nghUshjhuj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;Js;sd.
,e;jg; gjpT nra;ahik mtu;fSf;fhd tq;fpf; fld; mD$yj;ij Jz;bj;Js;sJ.
(ii) jkpo; <o
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; gf;fk;
tlf;F fpof;F khfhz
nghUshjhu kPl;rpf;fhd kw;WnkhU ghupa Kl;Lf;fl;il vd;dntdpy; Gyp ,af;fj;jpdupd;
tup tpjpg;ghFk;. jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs; khfhz kf;fs; kPJ Neub kw;Wk; kiwKf
tupfis mwtpl;L tUfpd;wdu;. khfhzj;jpYs;s ngUkstpyhd nghJr;Nrit (murhq;f)
Copau;fs; rpw;rpy rkaq;fspy; jkJ khjr; rk;gsj;jpy; xU gFjpia tUkhd tupahfr;
nrYj;j epu;ge;jpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. cjhuzj;jpw;F rpw;rpy rkaq;fspy; ghlrhiy
mjpgu;fs; jkJ Mrpupau;fspd; rk;gsj;jpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l tPjj;jpid Gyp
,af;fj;jpdUf;F nrYj;Jtjw;fhf xJf;FkhW gzpf;fg;gl;L te;Js;sdu;. ,yq;if xU
jdpufkhd ehL> Vnddpy; murhq;f Copau;fs; tUkhd tupapypUe;J
tpjptpyf;fspf;fg;gl;L;s;sdu;. (cjhuzj;jpw;F ,e;jpa murhq;f Copau;fs; tUkhd tup
nrYj;j Ntz;Lk);. Mdhy; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; njhopy;GupAk; ,yq;if murhq;f
Nritahsu; Gyp ,af;fj;jpdhy; Kiwaw;wtpjj;jpy; tuptpjpg;gpw;F cs;shfpd;wdu;.
jdpahu; fy;tpf; $lq;fSk; mjd; Mrpupau;fSk; $l khfhzj;jpy; tup tpjpg;gpw;F
cs;shf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.
,e;j tupfs; Gyp ,af;f
fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fspy; kl;Lkd;wp tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpYs;s murhq;ff;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; mwtplg;gLfp;wJ. ,e;j Gyp ,af;f tupfs; khrp 2002,y;
nra;J nfhs;sg;gl;l Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jj;jpd; ntspg;ghLfspy; xd;wy;y> Mdhy; 1990Mk;
Mz;bypUe;J mKypy; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. ,Ue;j NghJk;> Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jj;jpw;F
Kd;ghf tlf;F fpof;F murhq;f fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; xspT kiwthf mwtplg;gl;L
te;j ,t;tupfs; jw;nghOJ ntspg;gilahfTk; mikg;Gf; fl;Lg;ghlhfTk; mwptplg;gl;L
tUfpd;wJ. ,e;j Kiwaw;w tUkhd tup tpjpg;gpdhy; Mrpupau;fs;> itj;jpau;fs;>
kw;Wk; Vida murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; khfhzj;jpypUe;J tpyfpf; nfhs;tJld; khfhz
nghJr; Nritia mJ Fiwj;Jr; rPu;Fiyar; nra;Js;sJ.
tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;
ghlrhiy/gy;fiyf;fof Mrpupau;fSf;F kw;Wk; itj;jpau;fSf;F ngUk; jl;Lg;ghL
epyTfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; kpff; Fiwe;j jkpo; NgRk; Mrpupau;fs;> itj;jpau;fNs
(rpq;fstu;fs; cl;gl) kfhzj;jpy; NtiyNaw;f tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;. Nghu;f; fhyj;jpy;
nfhiy nra;ag;glyhk; vd;w mr;rNk khfhzj;jpy; Ntiy ghu;f;f tpUg;gkpd;ikia
Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> Nghu;epWj;j fhyj;jpYk; tlf;F fpof;F
khfhzj;jpy; Ntiy ghu;f;f mjpfkhNdhu; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. Kjd;ikf; fhuzk; vd;dntdpy;
Gypfspd; tup mwtPNl MFk;. ,q;F Kf;fpakhff; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;baJ ahnjdpy; tlf;F
fpof;fpy; njhopy; GupAk; rpq;fs nghJr; NritahsuplkpUe;J tUkhd tup
mwtplg;gLtjpy;iy. jkpou;> K];ypk;fsplkpUe;Nj tUkhdtup mwtplg;gLfpd;wJ.
MfNt> fle;j xU tUlj;jpy; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; nghJf;fy;tp> nghJr;
Rfhjhu Nritfspd; juhjuj;ij cau;j;j ,ayhikf;Fupa ghupa fhuzp Gyp ,af;f
tupfNsahFk;.
Gyp ,af;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;L
gpuNjrj;jpy; tptrhapfs; gzk; %ykhfNth cw;gj;jpapy; xU gFjp %ykhfNth tup
tpjpg;gpw;F cs;shfpd;wdu;. jkJ tUkhdk; kw;Wk; ,y;yj;jtupd; vz;zpf;if vd;dthf
,Ue;j NghJk; tptrhapfSk; kPdtu;fSk; jkJ cw;gj;jpapd; xU gFjpia Gyp ,af;fj;jpw;F
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhf tptrhaj;Jiw kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLk; tUkhd tupahdJ xU
jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jJ> Vnddpy; ehl;bd; ,ju gFjpfspy; cs;s tptrha/kPd;gpbj;
Jiwapdu; tUkhd tupapypUe;J tpjptpyf;fspf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. ,t;thNw rpW
ifj;njhopyhsUk;> Nrit toq;FNthUk; $l khj tUkhdj;jpd; xU Fwpg;gpl;l tPjj;jpid
tupahf nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. Flh ehl;bd; rpy gFjpfspy; 1996 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J (Gypfs;
Flhehl;bypUe;J gpd;thq;fpa fhyj;jpypUe;J) gpd;Ndhf;fpa tupfis nrYj;JkhW
tu;j;jfu;fs; Gyp ,af;fj;jpduhy; Nfl;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdu;. tptrhapfs;>
rpWifj;njhopyhsu;fs; kw;Wk; Nrit toq;FNthuplkpUe;J mwptplg;gLk; Neub tupfs; $ba
tpiyfs; %yk; ghtidahsu;fSf;F ifkhw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J> nghUshjhuj; jil
ePf;fj;jpw;F gpd;Gk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; epyTk; nghUl;fspd; cau; tpiyfSf;F
gpujhd fhuzp Gyp ,af;fj;jpdhy; mwptplg;gLk; tupfNsahFk;.
Gyp ,af;fj;jpd; tuptpjpg;G
tplaj;jpy; cyfshtpauPjpapy; nfupy;yhf;fspd; topghl;L tbtkhd NrFthuhtpd;
Fwpg;Gfis ehLtJ rpwe;jJ:
~~filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba
mbg;gilj; jj;Jtk; vd;dntdpy; xU ez;guplk; ,Ue;J ngWk; vy;yh ruf;FfSf;Fk; cupa
tpiyia nrYj;Jjy; MFk;. ,e;j ruf;FfSs; gapu;fs; my;yJ tzpf ];jhgdq;fspypUe;J
ngWk; nghUl;fs; vd;gd mlq;fyhk;. mjpf jlitahf ,it ed;nfhil mspf;fg;glyhk;.
Mdhy; NtW jlitfspy; Ntshz;ikahsu;fspd; nghUshjhu epytuk; ed;nfhil mspf;fg;gLtij
jLf;fpd;wJ. rpyNtisfspy; Nghu; Kiwapd; mtrpaj; Njitfs;> gzk; ,d;ikahy;>
gzk; nrYj;jhkNy nfupy;yhf; FOtpd; czTj; Njitia filfspy; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s epu;g;ge;jpf;fpwJ. ,e;j re;ju;g;gq;fspy; flDf;fhd xU fld; Kwpia
vg;nghOJk; tu;j;jfu;fSf;F ifaspf;f Ntz;Lk;|| (NrFthuh> nfupy;yh Nghu;Kiw>
kd;r];lu; gy;fiyf;fof mr;rfk;> 1985> gffk;;. 121). ~~gzk; nrYj;j ,ayhj
ruf;FfSf;F fld;Kwpfs; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;> kw;Wk; ,e;j fld;Kwpfis Kjy;
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; gzk; nrYj;jp kPsg; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;|| (NrFthuh> Kd;du;
Fwpg;gpl;lthW> gf;fk;. 79).
~~#o;epiy njhlu;e;J
Kd;NdWkhdhy;> tupfs; epiyehl;lg;glyhk;@ ,it kpfTk; Rik Fiwe;jjhf>
Fwpg;ghf rpW cw;gj;jpahsu; kPJ> ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ve;j re;ju;g;gj;jpYk;
Ntshz;ik tu;f;fj;jpdUf;Fk;> nfupy;yh ,uhZtj;jpdUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwtpid
fUj;jpy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; nfupy;yh ,uhZtj;jpdu; Ntshz;ik
tu;f;fj;jpypUe;J vOe;jtu;fNs Mtu;. tupfs; rpy Ntisfspy; gzk; %ykhfNth my;yJ
tpisr;rypd; xU gq;F %ykhfNth mwptplg;glyhk;. ,J nfupy;yhfSf;fhd czT
tpepNahfj;jpid mjpfupf;fr; nra;fpd;wJ.|| (NrFthuh> Kd;du; Fwpg;gpl;lthW>
gffk;;. 122)
Neub tupfSf;F Nkyhf Gyp
,af;fj;jpdu; gy;NtWgl;l kiwKf tupfisAk; tpjpj;J tUfpd;wdu;. Gyp ,af;f
fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpw;F my;yJ gpuNjrj;jpD}lhf aho; Flh ehl;bw;F vLj;Jr;
nry;yg;gLk; midj;J tzpfg; nghUl;fSk; 5% njhlf;fk; 25% tiuapyhd tup tpjpg;gpw;F
cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. Gyp ,af;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; thfdq;fs;
midj;Jk; thfdg; gjpT tup nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. aho; Flhehl;bw;F A9 neLQ;rhiy Clhf
jdpahu; rpW tz;bfspy; gazpf;Fk; xt;nthU gazpAk; jyh 350 &gh tup nrYj;j
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; aho;Flh ehl;by; fhzp> kid vd;gd tpw;fg;gl;lhy; Gyp
,af;fj;jpdhy; tup tpjpg;gpw;F cs;shfpd;wJ. tpw;fg;gLk; ngWkjpapd; xU gFjp Gyp
,af;fj;jpdUf;F nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpd;
murhq;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kf;fSk;> ,aq;Fk; tpahghu
epiyaq;fSNk mjpfg;gbahfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;> Vnddpy; mtu;fs;
murhq;fj;jpdJk; Gyp ,af;fj;jpduJk; (,U rhuhuJk;) Neub> kiwKf tupfis nrYj;j
Ntz;batu;fshf cs;sdu;. eilKiwapy; khfhzj;jpd; ngUk;ghd;ikahsuhd Efu;NthNu ,e;j
tupfisr; Rkf;f Ntz;batu;fshf cs;sdu;. Vnddpy; ,t;tupfs; rpy;yiw tpiyfspy;
cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j tupfis tpl> tlf;F fpof;F kw;Wk; nfhOk;G tho;
jkpo;> K];ypk; jdpegu;fsplkpUe;Jk; tpahghupfsplkpUe;Jk; fhyhfhyk; Gyp
,af;fj;jpdu; jkf;Fg; gzk; ed;nfhil nra;a fl;lhag;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdu;. ,tw;Wf;F
Nkyhf gy;NtW ehLfspy; trpf;Fk; jkpo; tpahghupfsplkpUe;Jk; jdpegu;fsplkpUe;Jk;
$l fpukkhf Gypfs; ed;nfhil ngw;W tUfpd;wdu;. ,e;j rkhjhd fhyj;jpy; $l ,it
njhlu;fpd;wd.
Gyp ,af;f tupfspd;
VNjr;rhjpfhu jd;ik vd;dntdpy; nghJkf;fSf;F ,e;j tupfSf;fhd fzf;Ffs;
fhl;lg;gLtjpy;iy. ,e;j tupg;gzq;fs; vg;gb> vd;dj;Jf;fhf nrytplg;gLfpd;wd
vd;gJ tup nrYj;JNthUf;F njupag;glhkNy ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Nghu;f; fhyj;jpy; Nghu;
Kidg;GfSf;F Njitahd epjp fhuzkhf ,t;tupfs; epahag;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.
Mdhy;> xU rkhjhd fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,e;j gue;Jgl;l fl;Lg;ghL Vw;ghL nfhz;l tup
Ml;rpf;F epahak;jhd; vd;d ,Uf;fpd;wJ? ,e;jg; Gyp ,af;f tupfs; Fwpg;ghf njhopy;
Kidg;igAk; nghJthf nghUshjhu kPl;rpiaAk; mizj;J tUfpd;wd. Gyp ,af;f tupfs;
tlf;F fpof;F khfhz nghUshjhu kPl;rpf;F jlq;fyhf cs;s xU ghupa fhuzp vd;gjid
$wpj; njupa Ntz;bajpy;iy.
Mrpupaupd; fzpg;gPl;bd; gb
Mff; Fiwe;jJ ehshe;jk; &gh. 5 kpy;ypad; (50 ,yl;rk;) tUkhdk; A9
neLQ;rhiy Clhd gazpfs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fs; kPjhd tupaPl;L %yk; Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu;
ngWfpd;wdu;. ,jw;F Nkyhf tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; &gh. 2.5 kpy;ypad; (25
,yl;rk;) tpahghu epiyaq;fs; kPjhdJk; kf;fs; kPjhdJk; (jkpo;> K];ypk;)
tuptpjp;ggpD}lfhTk; (capyq;Fsk; Nrhjidr; rhtb cl;gl) tUkhdk; ngwg;gLfpd;wJ.
MfNt tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; ehshe;j Gyp ,af;f tup tUkhdk; &gh 7.5
kpy;ypad; (75 ,ylrk;) Mf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,J &gh 2340 kpy;ypad; (2.34 gpy;ypad;)
tUlhe;j ngWkhdkhf khw;wk; ngWfpd;wJ. (312 ehl;fs; X &gh. 7.5 kpy;ypad;) Gyp
,af;fj;jpdu; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fspy; fkj;njhopy;> kPd;gpb kw;Wk; gy
nghUspay; eltbf;iffspYk; <Lgl;L tUfpd;wdu;. cjhuzj;jpw;F> Ky;iyj;jPT
khtl;lj;jpypUe;J nfhOk;gpw;fhd kPd; tpahghuj;jpy; Gyp ,af;fj;jpdNu ngUk;ghYk;
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;jp tUtJ njupfpd;wJ. ,e;j cw;gj;jp> thzpg eltbf;iffs; Gyp
,af;fj;jpdUf;F ,yhgj;jpid <l;bf; nfhLf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,yhgq;fisAk; tup
tUkhdq;fSld; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; Gyp ,af;fj;jpdupd; tUlhe;j cs;Su; tUkhdk; Mff;
Fiwe;jJ &gh. 3 gpy;ypad;; (30 kpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyu;fs;) MtJ ,Uf;Fk;. ,J
xU kpfTk; Fiwe;j kjpg;gPL vd;Nw vz;ZfpNwd;. ,e;j cs;Su; tUk;gbfSf;F Nkyhf Gyp
,af;fj;jpdu; cyfshtpauPjpapy; jkJ thzpg eltbf;iffs; %yKk;> kw;Wk; Gyk;
ngau;e;j jdpegu;> tpahghupfs; kPjhd tup mwtPLfs; %yKk; ngUk; tUkhdk; ngw;W
tUfpd;wdu;.
ntspehLfspy; jpul;lg;gLk;
epjpfs; MAjq;fs;> Nghu;j; jsghlq;fs; Nghd;wdtw;iw ru;tNjr MAjr; re;ijfspy;
nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. ,jdhy;> ehk; cs;Su; epjp jpul;liy
Nehf;FNthk;. Gyp ,af;fj;jpdupd; fUj;Jg;gb> rkhjhd #oypy; Neub> kiwKf
tupfs; %ykhfTk; jkJ thzpg eltbf;iffs; %ykhfTk; epjp t#ypg;gjd; fhuzk;
vd;dntdpy; jkJ cWg;gpdu;fspd; guhkupg;gpw;F epjp Njitg;gLtNj MFk;. ,e;j
epahag;gLj;jy; ek;gj; jFe;jjhfj; njd;gltpy;iy. Vnddpy;> Nghu;f;fhyj;jpy;
jw;Nghijaij tpl kpff; Fiwe;j epjp t#ypg;Gld; Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; jkJ
cWg;gpdu;fisg; guhkupj;J te;Js;sdu;. A9 neLQ;rhiy jpwg;Gk;>
cj;jpNahfG+u;tkhf Gyp ,af;fk; tlf;F fpof;F murhq;f fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fspy;
murpay; eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;StJk; tup tUkhduPjpahf xU jq;fr; Ruq;fj;ij
mtu;fSf;F toq;fpAs;sJ. ,jw;F Nkyhf Gyp ,af;fj;jpdupd; ntt;NtW tupfspd; tPjq;fs;
,yq;ifapy; eilKiwapy; cs;s tup tPjq;fSld; xg;gpLk; nghOJk;> NrFtuhtpdhy;
nfupy;yh Nghu;Kiwapy; Kd;nkhopag;gl;ltw;Wld; xg;gpLk; NghJk; kpf cau;thfNt
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Gyp ,af;f tup epjpfs; vq;F nry;fpd;wd vd;gJ Gupahj GjpuhfNt
,Uf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy;> Gyp ,af;fk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;L
gpuNjrj;jpNyh> murhq;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrj;jpNyh kf;fSf;F nghJr; Nritfs;
toq;Ftjhfj; njd;gltpy;iy. ,e;j ,U gpuNjrq;fspYk; ,yq;if murhq;fNk nghJkf;fSf;F
fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> tptrhak;> ePu;ghrdk;> kw;Wk; r%f Nritfs; Nghd;w
nghJr; Nritfis toq;fp tUfpd;wJ.
Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jj;jpd;
gpufhuk; MAjk; jupf;fhj Gyp ,af;f cWg;gpdu;fs; tlf;F fpof;F murhq;ff;
fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fspy; murpay; Ntiyfspy; <Lgl KbAk;. Mrpupaupd; mwpTg;gb
Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; tlf;F fpof;F murhq;f fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fspy; ngUk;ghYk;
ehd;F eltbf;iffspNyNa <Lgl;L tUfpd;wdu;. mitahtd: (1) cWg;gpdu;fis Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;sy; (2) tup t#ypj;jy; (3) khtPuu;fis epidT $Ujy; (4) murpay; vjpuhspfis
Jd;GWj;Jjy;. KjyhtJk;> %d;whtJk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba eltbf;iffshf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
kw;iwa ,uz;Lk; epahag;gLj;j Kbahjit. Jujp\;ltrkhf jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs;
murhq;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; ghupa tup jpul;Lk; gzpia
Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sNghJk; ve;jtpj r%f> nghJr;NritfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy. aho;
tho; kf;fis mtu;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cau;j;Jtjd; %yk; ntd;nwLf;fyhNk jtpu
Nkw;gb eltbf;iffspdhy; my;y. fle;j ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fshf ,lk; ngw;w Nghu;
epkpu;j;jk; rhjhuz kf;fs; nrhy;nyhz;zh Jauq;fSf;F cs;shfpAs;sdu;. MfNt mtu;fs;
mikjpahdJk; nfsutKkhd tho;f;ifiaf; nfhz;L elhj;jNt tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;.
XU rl;lG+u;tkhd ehL my;yJ
elg;gpy; cs;s ehL Nghd;w xu; mikg;G> tupfs; %yk; epjp Nrfupg;gjw;fhd fhuzk;
jkJ cWg;gpdu;fisg; guhkupg;gjw;fhf kl;Lkd;wp> Mdhy; jkJ Mjpf;fj;jpd; fPo;
thOk; kf;fSf;F nghJr; Nritfis toq;Ftjw;fhfTNk MFk;. jkpo; <o tpLjiyg;
Gypffs; jkJ Neubf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspNyh murhq;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;L
gpuNjrq;fspNyh (kiwKf fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrk;) jhk; Vf Nghfkhf
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; kf;fSf;F r%f> kw;Wk; nghJr; Nritfis toq;fj; jtwp
tpl;ldu;.
jkpo; <o tpLjiyg;
Gypfs; Mapuf;fzf;fhd Vf;fu; tptrha epyq;fspy; fkk; nra;tjd; %yKk;
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd tpahghu epiyaq;fis elj;Jtjd; %yKk; kw;Wk; Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhUf;F
njhopy; toq;fpAs;sjd; %yKk; fle;j 12 tUlq;fspy; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;
epWtdkakhf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; fkk; nra;Ak; tptrha epyq;fs;>
mjd; cupikahsu;fs; cs;SupYk; ntspA+upYk; ,lk; ngau;e;j gpd; gyhj;fhukhf
mgfupf;fg;gl;lit. ngUk;ghyhd tpahghu ];jhgdq;fis Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; rhu;gpy;
rpyu; cupikahf;fpAs;sdu;. xU nfupy;yh ,uhZtj;jpd; gzp tzpf Nehf;fpw;fhf fkk;
nra;tNjh (jkJ cWg;gpdu;fSf;F czT toq;Ftjw;fhf jtpu;e;j) tzpf epWtdq;fis
elhj;JtNjh my;y. kPz;Lk; NrFthuhtpd; Fwpg;Gfisf; ftdpf;fyhk;.
~~Nghu;g; gpuNjrq;fspy;
jdpegu; cilik mtw;wpd; r%fg; gzpia Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F xU
nry;te;j FLk;gj;jpd; Njitf;F NkyjpfkhfTs;s fhzpfisNah fhy;eilfisNah kf;fspd;
iffSf;F ifkhw;wp rkdhfTk;> epahakhfTk; gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. r%f
ed;ikf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; cilikfSf;fhd ntFkjpapid mtw;wpd; cupikahsu;fs; ngWk;
cupikia vd;Wk; kjpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;> Mdhy; ,e;j ntFkjp gpizg;gj;jpuk; %yk;
nrYj;jg;glyhk;|| (NrFtuh> Kd;du; Fwpg;gpl;lthW> gf;fk;;. 79-80).
tpl;Lr; nry;yg;gl;l tptrha
epyq;fisAk;> kidfisAk;> tlf;F fpof;F khfhz epykw;w> tPlw;w
twpatu;fSf;F gfpu;e;jspg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,e;jr;
nrhj;Jf;fis cupikahsUf;F e\;l<L toq;fhkNy mgfupj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,e;j
topKiw %yk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs; xU eilKiwapy;
cs;s (Mdhy; rl;lG+u;tkw;w) ghupa nrhj;J cupikahsuhfg; gupzkpj;Js;sdu;.
jkpo; <o tpLjiyg;
Gypfs; ,af;fk; A9 neLQ;rhiyA+lhf td;dpg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;F my;yJ aho; Flh
ehl;bw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk; nghUl;fspw;F Gspaq;Fsk; kw;Wk; capyq;Fsk; Nrhjid
epiyaq;fspy; tup tpjpj;J tUfpd;wJ. Gspaq;Fsj;jpy; aho; FlhehL nry;Yk;
kf;fSf;Fk; nghUl;fSf;Fkhd Nrhjid epiyak;> kw;Wk; aho;Flh ehL nry;Yk;
kf;fSf;Fk; nghUl;fSf;Fkhd Nrhjid epiyak; vd ,uz;L cs;sd. kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpw;F
nry;Yk; kf;fSf;Fk;> nghUl;fSf;Fkhd %d;whtJ Nrhjid epiyak; capyq;Fsj;jpy;
,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j Nrhjid epiyaq;fs; Gyp ,af;f epu;thfj; jpwikapd;ikf;F rpwe;j
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf cs;sd. ,e;j Nrhjid epiyaq;fs; Njitf;Fk; mjpfkhd Copau;fisf;
nfhz;Ls;sJld;> gy Gyp cWg;gpdu;fs; fjpiufspy; cl;fhu;e;J nfhz;L xU gzpiaAk;
Gupahky; ,Ug;gjidAk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. EioTg; gw;Wr;rPl;ilg; ngWtjw;F
gpuahzpfs; 3-4 egu;fsplk; Nrhjid epiyaq;fspd; ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy; ifnahg;gk; ngw
Ntz;bajhapUf;fpd;wJ. nghUl;fSf;fhd tupahf nfhOk;gpy; my;yJ NtW gFjpapy;
mg;nghUl;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;jjw;fhd gw;Wr;rPl;bd; xU tpfpjhrhuk;
mwtplg;gLfpd;wJ. tup kjpg;gPL xU ePz;l eilKiw@ Nrhjid epiyaj;jpd; ntt;NtW
gFjpfspy; 3-4 egu;fspdhy; guprPypf;fg;gl;L kPs; guprPyid nra;J> cWjp
nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j gd;klq;F NrhjidahdJ Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; jk; cWg;gpdu;fs;
kPJ ek;gpf;ifapd;ikiaAk;> re;Njfj;jpidAk; nfhz;Ls;sijg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.
aho; Flhehl;by; Gyp
,af;fj;jpdupd; vjpu;tUk; Ml;rp fhuzkhf xU gPjp kNdhepiy Fbnfhz;Ls;sJ.
cjhuzj;jpw;F> Flhehl;bd; rpy tu;j;jf epiyaq;fs; ,uz;L fbfhuq;fis jkJ
fl;blj;jpy; njhq;f tpl;Ls;sdu.; xd;W gioa Neuj;jpid fhl;LtjhfTk; kw;iwaJ Gjpa
Neuj;jpidf; fhl;LtjhfTk; cs;sJ. ,yq;if 1996 Mk; Mz;L Neuj;jpid 30 epkplq;fs;
Kd; efu;j;jpaJ. Mdhy; tlf;F khfhzj;jpy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fs; ,e;j Gjpa
Neuj;jpidf; filg; gpbf;ftpy;iy. gpujhdkhf> Gyp ,af;fj;jpdupd;
Ntz;LjYf;fpzq;f ngUk;ghyhd kidfSk; tpahghu ];jhgdq;fSk; gioa Neuj;jpidNa filg;
gpbf;fpd;wd. mJ ,yq;if Neuj;jpYk; 30 epkplq;fs; gpd;Ndhf;fp cs;sJ.
,e;j ,uz;L fbfhuq;fs;
(Gjpa> gioa Neuj;ijf; nfhz;l) itj;jpUf;Fk; tptfhukhdJ Fwpg;ghf aho;
tu;j;jfu;fspdhYk; nghJthf aho; kf;fshYk; vjpu;Nehf;fg;gLk; nghJthdnjhU
ju;krq;flkhd epiyahFk;. ,J tlf;F fpof;fpd; Klf;fg;gl;l nghUshjhuj;ij kPs;
mikg;gjw;Fk;> tu;j;jfq;fis kPl;rp ngwr; nra;tjw;Fk; kpfg; ghuJ}ukhd
jhu;g;gupaq;fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;. ,J xU miu kzpj;jpahy Neu tpj;jpahrNkahapDk;>
aho;g;ghzk; ahupd; epu;thfj;jpd; fPo; ,Uf;fpd;wJ (murhq;fj;jpdjh? my;yJ Gyp
,af;fj;jpdjh?) vd;w Xu; cWjpaw;w epiyapid kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ.
td;dpg; gpuNjrk; vtuJ epu;thfj;jp;d; fPo; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ kf;fSf;F njspthfj;
njupAk;. Mdhy; aho; Flhehl;bid vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; murhq;f mytyfq;fs;/epWtdq;fs;
kw;Wk; Ng&e;J Nritfs; Gjpa Neug;gb ,aq;Ffpd;wd. Mdhy;> jdpahu; tpahghu
epiyaq;fs;> ,e;Jf; Nfhtpy;fs; kw;Wk; kidfs; ngUk;ghYk; gioa Neuj;ijNa
gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd.
aho; kf;fspd; gPjp
kNdhepiyf;fhd kpfj; njspthd irif vd;dntdpy; A9 neLQ;rhiy jpwf;fg;gl;l gpd; aho;
Flhehl;bypUe;J ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfSf;F (td;dp jtpu;e;j) Fwpg;ghf nfhOk;Gf;F
kf;fspd; Gwg;ghL njd;gLfpwJ. Kfkhiyapy; cs;s ,uhZt Nrhjid epiyaj;jpd;
gjpTfspd;gb A9 neLQ;rhiy jpwf;fg;gl;l Kjy; 7 khjq;fspy; epfukhf 65>000
kf;fs; aho; Flhehl;bypUe;J ntspNawpAs;sdu;. ngUe;njhifahd cs;Supy; ,lk;
ngau;e;j kf;fs; td;dpg; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; ehl;bd; Vida ghfq;fspypUe;J aho;
Flhehl;bw;F jpUk;Gfpd;w NghJk;> ahopy; ,Ue;J ntspNaWk; kf;fs; njhif ahopw;F
cs;tUk; kf;fis tpl mjpfkhf cs;sJ. ,e;j Gwg;ghl;bw;F fhuzk; jhd; ahJ?
jkpo; <o tpLjiyg;
Gypfs; jkJ fl;Lghl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfSf;F nry;Yk; kf;fspd;
elkhl;lj;ij kl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. (Fwpg;ghf 15-35 taJf;fpilg;gl;ltuJ) Gyp
,af;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fspypUe;J ntspNaWgtu;fis jkJ gpuahzj;jpw;fhd
fhuzj;ij njuptpj;J xU gpuahzg; gj;jpuk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf 15-35
tajpw;F ,ilg;gl;ltu;fs; gpuahzg; gj;jpuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ fbdk;. Gupe;Jzu;T
cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l gpd;du; ,e;j eilKiwapd; nfLgpbfs; rw;Wf; Fiwe;Js;s
NghJk; ,e;j eilKiw njhlu;e;Nj tUfpwJ. jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs;
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; aho;g;ghzf; Flhehl;bidj; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;L tUk; NghJ
,e;j gpuahzg; gj;jpu Kiw kPz;Lk; eilKiwf;F tuyhk; vdg; ngUk;ghd;ikahd kf;fs;
vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wdu;. Gypfspd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Ml;rpahdJ (Fwpg;ghf) ,isQu;fis
aho; Flhehl;bypUe;J ntspNawr; nra;fpd;wJ.
,t;thW Fbngau;gtu;fspy;
ngUk;ghd;ikahdtu;fs; xg;gPl;lstpy; ed;whfg; gbj;jtu;fSk;> jpwd;gilj;jtu;fSNk
Mtu;. MfNt ,e;jf; Fbngau;thdJ Flhehl;bd; khdpl %yjdj;ij NkYk; Fd;wr;
nra;fpd;wJ. mjhtJ ,e;j Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT epfu Fbngau;thdJ aho; Flhehl;bd; mtru
GdUj;jhuzk;> Gdu;epu;khzk; Mfpa gzpfSf;F mj;jpahtrpakhfj; Njitg;gLk;
khdpl> ngsjpf nfhs;jpwid eyptilar; nra;fpd;wJ. ntspehl;L epjpAjtpahsu;
vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ju;krq;flkhd epiy vd;dntd;why; Njitahd epjpAjtp fpilf;fg;
ngw;why; $l me;j epjpfis cs;thq;ff; $ba khdpl nfhs;jpwd; NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy
vd;gNjahFk;.
fle;j xU tUlj;jpy;>
jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; epjp t#ypg;Gf;fspd; fhuzkhf tlf;F fpof;F
khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfSf;F (Fwpg;ghf nfhOk;Gf;F) %yjdk;
ntspNaWtjhfTk; njd;gLfpd;wJ. jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; nrad;Kiw gpd;tUkhW
,Uf;fpd;wJ. mtu;fs; xU nry;te;ju; vd ek;gg;gLgtiu mZfp jkf;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT
gzk; ifaspf;FkhW tw;GWj;Jtu;. me;j egu; jk;kplk; mt;tsT gzk; ,y;iy vdj;
njuptpj;jhy; me;j egupd; tq;fpf; fzf;F mwpf;ifia fhl;b me;jf; Fwpj;j
gzj;njhifiaf; NfhUtu;. ,J xU jdpg;gl;l rk;gtky;y. Mdhy; nghJthf elf;Fk; xU
epfo;T. Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; thbf;ifahsu;fspd; tq;fpf; fzf;F mwpf;iffis tq;fp
Copau;fsplkpUe;J ngw;W tUfpd;wdu;> my;yJ tq;fp fzf;F mwpf;iffis jghypy;
,ilA+W nra;fpd;wdu;. ,J vt;thwhf epfo;e;jhYk; tq;fp thbf;ifahsu;fs; ,e;jtpjkhd
eltbf;iffspdhy; fpyp nfhz;L jkJ Nrkpg;G/epiyahd itg;G tq;fp fzf;Ffis tlf;F
fpof;fpw;F ntspNa Fwpg;ghf nfhOk;Gf;F ,lkhw;wk; nra;J tUfpd;wdu;. ,J tlf;F
fpof;F khfhz jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; tzpf tq;fpf; fzf;F thbf;ifahsupilNa ,lk; ngw;W
tUfpd;wJ.
1980Mk; Mz;Lfspd;
eLg;gFjpapypUe;J tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;W te;j tq;fpf; nfhs;isfspd;
gpujpgypg;ghf midj;J jdpahu; tq;fpfSk; khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J thg]; ngw;W mur
tq;fpfs;> (kf;fs; tq;fp> ,yq;if tq;fp> Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fp) khj;jpuNk
epiynfhz;bUe;jd. vQ;rpapUe;j mur tq;fpfs; $l xU Fiwe;j msT NritiaNa elhj;jp
te;jd. mjhtJ thbf;ifahsu;fs; itg;gPL nra;Ak; gzj;jpd; xU gFjpiaNa fld;
ngWNthUf;F fld; nfhLj;J te;jdNunahopa nfhOk;gpy cs;s me;j tq;fpfspd;
jiyikafq;fspypUe;J ve;jtpj Gjpa %yjdj;ijAk tq;fp Kiwf;Fs; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;stpy;iy.
Nghu;> ,lk; ngau;T> kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J nfLgpbfshy; tq;fpr; Nritfisg;
gad;gLj;Jk; rdj;njhifspd; vz;zpf;if tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; ngUksT Fiwe;J
tpl;lJ. ,jd; gpujpgypg;ghf xU Fwpg;gpl;l itg;GfNs ,lg;gl;ld. ,jw;F ,irthf
jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; tzpf thbf;ifahsUf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; tq;fpf; fld; cjtpfs;
ngUksT Fiwe;Js;sJ.
tq;fp itg;Gg; gzj;jpidNa
fldhf nfhLf;Fk; tof;fk; ,d;Dk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; eilKiwg;
gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpypUe;J> Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l %yjd ntspNaw;wkhdJ fld;
ngWNthu;fSf;fhd gz xJf;fPl;bid NkYk; Fd;wr; nra;fpd;wJ. fle;j xU tUlj;jpy;
tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; tzpfu;fSf;Fj; Njitahd tq;fp epjp fpilf;fg; ngwhikf;fhd
gpujhd fhuzk; ,JthfNt ,Uf;fyhk;.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs;
jhk; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg; NghFk; Ml;rpKiwahdJ (Ms;Nrfupg;G>
tupNrfupg;G> murpay; vjpuhspfisj; Jd;GWj;jy;> gaz mDkjp ngwy; kw;Wk;
Neukhw;wk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk;) murpay;> nghUshjhu ];jpukw;w epiyia cUthf;fp
nghUshjhu kPl;rpia eypthf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gjid czu;e;J nfhs;Sk; Neuk; neUq;fp
tpl;lJ.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd;
ePjpr; Nrit $l tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; Gyp ,af;f fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrj;jpy;
KjyPL nra;a vz;Zk; KjyPl;lhsu;fisg; gpd;thq;fr; nra;fpd;wJ. tzpf eltbf;iffspy;
<Lgl vz;ZNthu; jkf;F ,yq;ifapd; thzpg rl;l jpl;lq;fsh? my;yJ Gypfspd;
rl;lq;fsh nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;gJ GupahJ cs;sdu;. Gyp ,af;ff; fl;Lg;ghl;L
gpuNjrj;jpy; xU tzpf jfuhW Vw;gbd; KjyPL nra;a vz;Zgtu; jkJ jfuhiwj; jPu;f;f
ve;jr; rl;l kd;wj;ij ehl Ntz;Lk; vdj; njsptw;w epiyapy; cs;shu;.
nghJthf> Gyp
,af;fj;jpdupd; nghJepu;thfk; ,yq;ifapdij tpl Nkhrkhdjhfj; Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jkf;nfd;w xU jdpahd epu;thff; fl;likg;igf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.
jkPoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; njhopy; GupAk; ,yq;if
murhq;f Nritahsiug; gad;gLj;jp> jpupGgLj;jpNa xU rkhe;jpukhd epu;thff;
fl;likg;ig elhj;Jfpd;wdu;. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; epu;thf Nritia ngUk;ghYk;
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpypUe;J Xa;T ngw;w murhq;f Copau;fSk;> mDgtkw;w ,isQu;fSNk
,af;fp tUfpd;wdu;. Kd; $wpatu;fs; Ntiyehl;lkpy;yhj jpwikaw;wtu;fshfTk;
gpd;$wpatu;fs; ghlrhiyapypUe;J tpyfpatu;fshfTNk ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. ,t;thwhd
jFjpaw;wtu;fshYk; njha;ikahdtu;fshYk; GdUj;jhuz Gdu;epu;khzg; gzpfis vt;thW
ifahs KbAk;.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd;
fhty; Jiwapdu; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; rl;lk; xOq;if epiyehl;b tUtjhf
ngUkpjk; milfpd;wdu;. td;dpg;gpuNjrj;jpy; 17 Gyp ,af;f fhty; epiyaq;fSk;
kl;lf;fsg;G kw;Wk; jpUNfhzkiyapy; jyh xU fhty; epiyaKk; cs;sJ vdj;
njuptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. td;dpg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s Gyp ,af;f fhty; epiyaq;fs;
ruhrupahf jpdKk; 15 rpW Kiwg;ghLfisg; ngw;W tUtjhfTk; ,it rpW fsT> fhzpg;gpzf;F>
fhjy;gpzf;F Nghd;witNaahFk; vdf; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. jkpoPo fhty;Jiwapdu; jkJ
gpuNjrq;fspy; ghjhs cyfNkh> td;Kiwf; Nfh\;bahsu;fNsh ,y;iy vdf; $wp
tUfpd;wdu; (tPuNfrup thuntspaPL> 6.10.2002)
gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fSf;fhf
,e;j cupik nfhz;lhlypy; Mr;rupag;gLtjw;F vJTk; ,Ug;gjhf MrpupaUf;F njupatpy;iy.
Kjyhtjhf> Fw;wr; nray;fs; ,lk; ngWtjw;fhd J}z;ly; fhuzpfs; td;dpg;
gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfj; njupatpy;iy. Vnddpy;> mq;Fs;stu;fSs; fpl;lj;jl;l
midtUNk nfhba tWikahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fshfTk;> kw;Wk; tUkhd rkkpd;ik mq;F
kpfTk; FiwthfTNk ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kiyafk; vt;thW xU tWik jhz;ltkhLk;
gpuNjrkhfTk;> mNjNtis tUkhd rkkpd;ik ehl;bNyNa Fd;wpajhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh
mt;thwhd xU epiyapNyNa td;dpg; gpuNjrk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. nghJthf tUkhd rkkpd;ik vq;F
mjpfkhf ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mq;NfNa Fw;wr; nray;fs; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. td;dp tho; kf;fs;
xU kpfTk; jho;e;j rkepiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. mq;F tWikapd; nfhba tpisTfs;>
kpfTk; Fiwe;j rkkpd;ikAld; xd;W Nru;e;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. (fk;A+dp];l; Ml;rpf;
fhyj;jpy; my;Ngdpah Nghd;W). MfNt Fw;wr;nray;fs; ,lk; ngWtjw;F vt;tpj
Cf;Ftpg;Gk; ,y;iy. ,uz;lhtjhf> kpff; Fiwe;j Kiwg;ghLfs; fpilg;gjw;F fhuzk;
Fw;wr;nray;fis Kiwaplhikapdhy; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,t;thW Fw;wr; nray;fis Kiwaplhikf;Ff;
fhuzNk Gyp ,af;fj;jpdupd; fhty; Jiwapdu; kPJk;> ePjpr; Nrit kPJk; ,Uf;Fk;
ek;gpf;ifaPdkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. td;dpapy; ghjhs cyff; Nfh\;bapdNuh td;KiwahsNuh
,y;iy vd;w $w;W Gupe;Jf; nfhs;sf; $banjhd;whFk;. Vnddpy;> td;Kiwahsuhf
tsuf; $batu;fisg; Gyp ,af;fk; cs;thq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fyhk;. MfNt> jkpoPo fhty;
Jiwapdu; $WtJ Nghd;W td;dpg; gpuNjrj;jpy; Fiwe;j Fw;wr; nray;fSf;fhd fhuzk;
mtu;fspd; jpwikNah my;yJ mtu;fs; kf;fspd; kPJ nfhz;Ls;s fl;Lg;ghNlh
my;yhky;> gjpyhf mtu;fspd; fhty; Jiwapdu; kPJk;> ePjpr; Nritapd;ghYk;
kf;fs; nfhz;Ls;s ek;gpf;ifaPdkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; Gyp
,af;f fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrj;jpd; nghUshjhu kPl;rpf;F ,ilA+whf cs;s kw;WnkhU ghupa
fhuzp Gyp ,af;fj;jpdupd; fhty; JiwAk; ePjpr; NritAkhFk;.
1996Mk; Mz;bw;Fk; 2001Mk;
Mz;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l nghUshjhuj; jilf; fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; td;dpg; gpuNjr kf;fs;
gl;bdpahy; thlhikf;F jkJ mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffNs fhuznkd jkpoPo nghUz;kpa
Nkk;ghl;Lf; fofk; cupik NfhUfpwJ. ,e;j cupik Nfhuy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhfj;
njd;gltpy;iy. td;dp tho; kf;fs; jPtpu nghUshjhu jilfSf;F kj;jpapYk; gl;bdpapy;
,Ue;J jg;Gtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ ru;tNjr epthuzk; toq;Fk; mikg;Gf;fshd
mfjpfSf;fhd If;fpa ehLfs; cau; ];jhdpfu;> ru;tNjr nfahu;> cyf czTj;
jpl;lk;> xf;];ghk;> kw;Wk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; epthuz cjtpfshFk;.
nghUshjhuj; jilfspd; vjpu;kiw jhf;fq;fis rkhspg;gjpy; jkpoPo nghUz;kpa
Nkk;ghlLf; fofj;jpd; gq;F nrhw;gNkahFk;.
ghupa mstpy; (gy;NtWg;gl;l
tupfs; %yk;) epjp jpul;Lk; Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s NghJk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg;
Gypfs; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fspNyh murhq;ff;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspNyh ve;jtpjkhd nghUshjhu Ntiyj;jpl;lq;isAk;
Muk;gpf;ftpy;iy. tprpj;jpukhf> Gypfs; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpidAk; cjtp toq;Fk;
ehLfisANk GdUj;jhuz> Gdu;epu;khd Ntiyfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;b epw;fpd;wdu;. Gyp
,af;fj;jpdu; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;Jf;fhd mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp gy nghJ
mwptpg;Gf;fis tpLj;j NghJk;> (jpdf;Fuy; 23.12.2002> gffk;. 6> cjad;
21.12.2002> gf;fk;. 1> tPuNrfup 10.09.2002> 14.12.2002> 17.12.2002)
tlf;F fpof;F GdUj;jhuzk;> Gdu;epu;khzk; gw;wpa jpl;lk; vjidAk; my;yJ mtw;wpw;fhd
epjpia vt;thW ngwg;Nghfpwhu;fs; vd;gjidAk; Kd;itf;ftpy;iy.
tlf;F fpof;fpy; jkJ
murpay; vjpu;jug;gpdiu Jd;GWj;Jk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; nfhs;if tplaj;jpy;
NrFthuhtpd; Nguuwpit ehLtJ gpuNahrdkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
~~....... ehrNtiyiaAk; (xU
Gul;rpfukhdJk;> kpfTk; jpwikahdJkhd Nghu;Kiw XOq;F) gaq;futhjj;ijAk;> (xU
eltbf;if> nghJthf gadw;wJk;; jhWkhwhd ngWNgw;iw juf; $baJk;) njspthf
NtWgLj;JtJ mj;jpahtrpakhFk;. Vnddpy; gaq;futhjkhdJ mjpfg;gbahd mg;ghtp kf;fisg;
gypahf;FtJld; Gul;rpf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; gy capu;fis mopf;ff; $baJkhFk;. mlf;fp
xLf;Fgtu;fspd; xU jiytidNah> gy nfhba eltbf;iffSf;F nghWg;ghdtu;fisNah
mopg;gjw;F gaq;futhjk; xU ngWkjpahd eilKiwahf fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
Mdhy; xU rpwpa mstpyhd xU Kf;fpa];jiuf; nfhy;tJ vd;WNk gupe;Jiuf;FupaJ my;y.
....|| (NrFthuh> Kd;du; Fwpg;gpl;lthW> gf;fk;. 62-63) ~~ehk; tpRthrkhf
ek;GtJ vd;dntd;why; gaq;futhjk; vjpu;kiw kjpg;igf; nfhz;lJ> mJ
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l tpistpid cz;L gz;Ztjpy;iy kw;Wk; mJ kf;fisg; Gul;rpfu
,af;fj;jpw;F vjpuhf Kidaf; $baJ.....|| (NrFthuh> Kd;du; Fwpg;gpl;lthW>
gf;fk;. 140).
NkYk;> Fwpg;gplr;
RitahdJ vd;dntdpy;> ghupa epjp t#ypg;gpw;F kj;jpapYk; Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; jkJ
rkhjhd nrayfj;jpid fpspnehr;rpapy; jpwg;gjw;F murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J epjpAjtp
NfhupaJjhd;. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; FM thndhyp cgfuzq;fisAk; VSAT njhiynjhlu;G
rhjdq;fisAk; ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F Rq;fj; jPu;itapypUe;J tpjptpyf;F mspf;Fk; gb
epjp mikr;rplk; Nfhupf;if tpLj;Js;s NghJk; me;jf; Nfhupf;if epuhfupf;fg;gl;ljhf
mwptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jr; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Gyp ,af;fj;jpduplk; tup
nrYj;Jgtu;fs; mwpa tpUk;GtJ vd;dntd;why; tup epjpfs; vq;F nry;fpd;wd
vd;gNjahFk;.
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspd;
trk; VSAT njhiyj;njhlu;G rhjdk; xd;W gy tUlq;fshfNt ,Ue;j NghJk; $l ,d;DnkhU
VSAT njhiyj;njhlu;G rhjdj;jpw;fhd (mJTk; jPu;itaw;w) Njitjhd; vd;dntd;gJ
tpsf;fg;glhj xd;whf cs;sJ. kf;fSf;F mtrukhfTk; mtrpakhfTk; Ntz;lg;gLk; NtW
ve;jj; NjitfSk; ,y;iyah? njhlu;ghlYk; fye;JiuahlYk; Kuz;ghl;L jPu;Tf;F
mj;jpahtrpa Kd;NjitfshFk;. MfNt> Gyp ,;af;fj;jpdupd; FM xypgug;G xU
fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;. Mdhy; Nehu;Nt J}jufj;jpd; mDruizapy; fpilf;fg;ngw;w
tuptpyf;F my;y. njhlu;ghlypdJk; fye;JiuahlypdJk; mjpAau; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Vw;Wf;
nfhs;Sk; mNj Ntis vkJ vjpu;ghu;g;G vd;dntd;why; FM thndhyp xypgug;G
njuptpf;fg;gLk; fhuzj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;gNjahFk;. jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfspd; mjp rf;jp tha;e;j MAjk; mtu;fspd; jw;nfhiyg; Nghuhspfs; my;y.
khwhf mtu;fspd; gpur;rhuNkahFk;. gpur;rhuk; vd;Dk; tplaj;jpy; NrFthuhtplk;
,Ue;J Gypfs; ,af;fj;jpdUf;F jFe;j mwpTiuia ehLtJ nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
~~Gul;rpfu gpur;rhuj;jpd; gz;gpay;Gfspy; xd;W cz;ik jhd;. rpwpJ rpwpjhf ,e;j
topKiwahy; kf;fis ntw;wpf; nfhz;L tplyhk;.|| (NrFthuh> Kd;du;
Fwpg;gpl;lthW> gf;fk;. 131). ~~.... cz;ikjhd; J}u Nehf;fpy; rpwe;j nfhs;if
vd;w mbg;gilj; jj;Jtj;ij vg;nghOJk; gpd;gw;wp|| (NrFthuh> Kd;du;
Fwpg;gpl;lthW> gf;fk;. 145). ~~thndhyp Xu; mrhjhuz Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j
fhuzp...... ,Ue;j NghJk; thndhypapy; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghlhf gpugy;akhd gpur;rhuk;
Msg;gl Ntz;Lk;> mJthdJ cz;ik. rpwpa mstpdjhf ,Ue;j NghJk; cz;ik $WtNj
tpUk;gj;jf;fJ> ngupanjhU ngha; jpwk;gl mzp nra;ag;gLjypYk; ghu;f;f||.
(NrFthuh> Kd;du; Fwpg;gpl;lthW> gf;fk;. 146).
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs;
td;dpg; gpuNjrj;jpy; kPs; FbNaWk; kf;fSf;nfd mDg;gg;gLk; fl;blg; nghUl;fisj;
jkjhf;fpf; nfhs;fpd;wdu; vd;gjw;fhd cz;ikr; rk;gt rhl;rpaq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
kPsf; FbNaWgtu;fs; FbapUg;Gf;fis epu;khzpg;gjw;fhf ed;nfhilahsu;fshy;
mDg;gg;gLk; ey;y juhjukhd fl;blg; nghUl;fs; Fbirfs; %yk; khw;wPL
nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; epu;khz
Ntiyfis (tPL> tPjp> ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; GdUj;jhuzk;) Nkw;nfhs;Sk; xg;ge;jf;fhuuplkpUe;J
xg;ge;jj; njhifapd; xU gFjpiaf; Nfhup tUfpd;wdu;. xU rkhjhd fhy fl;lj;jpy;
,t;thwhd mgfupg;G ,lk;ngWtJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahjnjhd;whFk;. ,e;elj;ijahdJ jkpo;
Njrj;jpd; Vf gpujpepjpfSf;F cfe;jjy;y. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy; tlf;F fpof;F cldb
kdpjhgpkhd kw;Wk; GdUj;jhuzj;Jf;nfd (mjw;F NkYk;) xJf;fg;gLk; ed;nfhil
epjpaj;jpdupd; ,ize;j ghJfhtyuhf ,yq;if murhq;fKk; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSk;
,Ug;gJ cfe;jy;y. Vnddpy; ed;nfhil epjpia Kfhikj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,UrhuhupdJk;
gioa gjpTfs; jpwdw;wjhFk;.
khu;fop Kjyhk; jpfjp jkpoPo
tpLjiyg; Gypfs; rupj;jpuuPjpahdJk;> fyhrhuuPjpahdJkhd mUk; nghUl;fis aho;
Flhehl;bypUe;J njd; gFjpf;F vLj;Jr; nry;tij (jkpo; Njrj;jpd; tuyhW kw;Wk;
fyhrhuh milahs rpd;dq;fis Ngzpg; ghJfhg;gJ vd;w mbg;gilapy;) jilnra;jdu;.
,t;thW jil nra;ag;gl;l nghUl;fSs; kj topghl;L cUtq;fs;> rpiyfs;> epidTr;
rpd;dq;fs;> cNyhfg; ghj;jpuq;fs> Xiyr; Rtbfs;> gok;ngUk; thfdq;fs;>
fjT> ad;dy;> epiyfs;> goik tha;e;j jsghlq;fs; vd;gd mlq;Fk;
(tPuNfrup> 1.12.2002). rupj;jpu> fyhrhuuPjpahd Ez; nghUl;fs; tzpf
Ruz;lYf;F cs;shtijj; jLg;gJ rw;W mwpTilikahf ,Ue;j NghJk; gioa thfdq;fs;>
ad;dy;> fjT> epiyfs;> gioa jsghlq;fs; vd;gtw;wpid vLj;Jr; nry;yiyj;
jil nra;jpUg;gJ epahakw;wJ. Vnddpy;> ,it jkpo; Njrj;jpd; rupj;jpuk;>
fyhrhuk; vd;gtw;Wld; vt;tpjj;jpYk; njhlu;Ggl;lJ my;y. aho;g;ghzj;jpd; gioa
thfdq;fs; ,yq;ifapd; gpupj;jhdpa fhydp;j;Jtj;jpd; epidTr; rpd;dq;fNsahFk;.
,t;thNw ahopy; fhzg;gLk; fjT> ad;dy;> epiyfs; kw;Wk; ghuk;gupa jsghlq;fs;
vd;gd xy;yhe;j fhydpj;Jtj;jpd; epidTr; rpd;dq;fshFk;. ,jpypUe;J> ,e;j
nghUl;fspd; efu;it jkpo; Njrj;jpd; ghuk;gupak; fyhrhuk; vd;gtw;iwg; NgZtjw;fhf
jil nra;jpUg;gjhf $WtJ nghUe;jhJ. ,jw;F Nkyhf> jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jkpo;
Njrpa JUk;ig jkJ murpay; Nehf;fpw;F vg;NghJ gad;gLfpwNjh mg;NghJ
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. Vnddpy;> Gyp ,af;f cWg;gpdu;fs; (td;dpapy; ,Ue;J
nrd;wtu;fs; $l) ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jld; rkhjhdg; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfspy; <LgLk; NghJ
$l Nkiyehl;L cilfisNa mzpe;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l nghUl;fspd;
efu;itj; jilnra;jik Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; 1990Mk; Mz;bypUe;J filg;gpbj;J tUk;
nghUspay; Njrpa thjj;jpd; gpujpgypg;NgahFk;. Gyp ,af;f nghUshjhu nfhs;iffshd
jw;rhu;G> re;ijfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Vidad jkpo; Njrpathjj;jpd; thilahfNt
,Uf;fpd;wJ. jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jkJ nghUshjhuj; jj;Jtq;fis Iak; jpupGwf;
$Wk; fhyk; cau;e;J tpl;lJ. tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; nghUshjhu kPl;rpf;F ,J kpf
Kf;fpakhdJ. tup tpjpg;Gfs;> jilfs; Nghd;w jdp eltbf;iffs; khfhzj;jpy; KjyPL
nra;af; $batu;fs; kj;jpapy; Xu; cWjpaw;w jd;ikia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Xu; cWjpaw;w
epiyapy; tzpfk; nropf;f KbahJ. ve;j nghUshjhuKk; nghUspay; Njrpathjj;jpd; fPo;
Kd;Ndw;wk; fhz ,ayhJ.
Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; jkJ
fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fspy; fle;j 12 tUlq;fshf filg;gpbj;J tUk; FWfpa nghUspay;
nfhs;iffshy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd njhopy; Kidtu; tu;f;fj;jpdu; tlf;F fpof;fpy; ,Ue;J
ehl;bd; Vida gFjpfSf;F (Fwpg;ghf tTdpah> nfhOk;G kw;Wk; Rw;Wg;
Gwq;fSf;Fk;)> Fwpg;ghf jkpou;fSk; K];ypk;fSk;> Fbngau;e;Js;sdu;. ,t;thW
Fbngau;e;jtu;fs; jkJ tpahghuq;fis kPs; epiyehl;Ltjw;Fk;> jkJ G+u;tpf
,lq;fSf;F jpUk;Gtjw;Fkhd rhjfkhd #o;epiyia Vw;gLj;JtJ Gyp ,af;fj;jpdupd;
flg;ghlhFk;. Gyp ,af;fj;jpdu; 1990Mk; Mz;L aho;> kd;dhu; khtl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J
ntspNaw;wg;gl;l K];ypk; kf;fis kPs tutioj;Js;s NghJk; ,J kpfTk; jhkjpf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghlhfNt cs;sJ. ,jw;F Nkyhf> Gypfs; ,af;fk; ,e;j njhop;y; KidtUf;F
e\;l<L toq;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; ntspNaw;wg;gl;l K];ypk;fspd; tPLfisAk; tu;j;jf
epiyaq;fisAk; Gyp ,af;fj;jpdNu #iwahbdu;. tlf;F fpof;fpd; kpfg; ngupa rpWghd;ik
,dj;jtUf;F ek;gpf;ifia cz;L gz;zTk; nra;j jtWf;Fg; gpuahar;rpj;jk; NjlTk; ,JNt
xNunahU top.
jkJ jhafj;jpw;F jpUk;Gk;gb
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfspdhy; Cf;ftpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba FOtpdu;fSs; Nghu; fhuzkhf fle;j
20 tUlq;fspy; ehl;il tpl;L Gyk; ngau;e;j jkpoUk; mlq;Ftu;. tlf;F fpof;fpy;>
tUe;jf;jf;f msT> Nghjhikahf ,Uf;Fk; njhopy; jpwd;> mwpT> %yjdk;
Nghd;wtw;wpid ,g; Gyk;ngau;e;Njhu; nfhz;Ltuf; $ba rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
,Ue;jNghJk;> gpwehLfSf;F Gyk; ngau;e;Njhu; xU Kw;wpYk; Gjpa tho;f;if Kiwf;F
gof;fg;gl;L tpl;ldu;;. rpe;jid ntspg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; elkhLk; Rje;jpuk; cs;shf
,tw;wpid ,q;Fk; mtu;fs; mDgtpf;f vjpu;ghu;g;gu;. MfNt> ,e;jr; Rje;jpuq;fis
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; flik jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSf;F ,Uf;fpd;wJ. (,e;jg;
Gyk;ngau;e;Njhu; jhafk; jpUk;g KbntLf;Fk; NghJ). ntspehl;L ed;nfhilahspfs; $l
jkJ epjpapid xU nghWg;G> ntspg;ghL (njspT) murpay; kw;Wk; nghUspay;
Rje;jpuk; mw;w ,lj;jpy; nrytpl jaf;fk; fhl;Ltu;.
xU ifapy;>
epahakhdjhf> jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,yq;if MAjg; gilapdu; tlfpof;F
khfhzj;jpy; Fwpg;ghf aho;g;ghzj;jpy; thlif nrYj;jhky; Fb nfhz;Ls;s jdpahu;
kidfspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw Ntz;Lnkd tw;GWj;jp tUfpd;wdu;. Mdhy;> kW ifapy;>
jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; thlif nrYj;jhky; iftpl;Lr; nry;yg;gl;l jdpahu; kidfspy;
Fb nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,jw;F Nkyhf jw;NghJ jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; aho;ghzj;jpd; gy
fpuhkq;fs;> efuq;fspy; gy jdpahu; tPLfisj; jk;trkhf;Ftjw;fhfg; ghu;itapl;L
tUfpd;wdu;. ,e;j tplaj;jpy; aho; kf;fspd; ,lu;ghlhd epiy ,e;j rkhjhd #oypy;
mjpfk; khWgltpy;iy. Jujpu;\;ltrkhf aho; kf;fs; xU nfhLq;Nfhyhl;rp ,d;ndhU
nfhLq;Nfhyhl;rpahy; khw;wpL nra;ag;gl;Ls;s xU epiyiaNa vjpu;Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;.
gupe;JiufSk; KbTiufSk;
20 tUl cs;Su;
Aj;jj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ,af;fkw;Wf; fplf;Fk; tlf;F fpof;F nghUshjhuj;ij capu;g;gpf;f
gp;d;tUk; gupe;Jiufs; Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;sd:
1.
tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy;> Fwpg;ghf aho;g;ghzf; Flhehl;by;> ,yq;if MAjg;
gilapdu; mjpAau; ghJfhg;G tyaq;fspd; tp];jPuzj;ij ntFthf Fiwj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J
Njrpa ghJfhg;G vd;w rhf;Fg; Nghf;Ff;Fs; cs;thq;fg;glf; $lhJ. 1990-1995 Mz;L
fhyj;jpy; ,yq;if ,uhZtk; gyhyp KfhKf;Fs; Klf;fg;gl;bUe;j Ntisapy; Njrpa
ghJfhg;G mr;RWj;jg;gltpy;iy. Fbkf;fspd; ed;kjpg;igg; ngWtjw;F ,yq;if
MAjg;gilapdu; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; cs;s midj;J jdpahu; fl;blq;fs;>
fhzpfspypUe;J ntspNaWtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. tpahghu epiyaq;fSf;Fj;
njd;G+l;Ltjw;fhf aho;efu kj;jpapypUe;Jk; G+uzkhfg; gpd;thq;FtJ mjp Kf;fpakhdJ.
2.
kPjpahfTs;s kPd;gpbf;fhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; cldbahf mfw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk;
3.
A9 neLQ;rhiyahdJ 24 kzp NeuKk;> thuj;jpy; 7 ehl;fSk; jpwe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk; A9 neLQ;rhiyapy; nghUl;fisr; NrhjidapLtJ jw;NghJs;s ehd;F ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J
,uz;L ,lq;fshf> ,yq;if ,uhZtk; 1> jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; 1 vdf;
Fiwf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
4.
tlf;F fpof;F khfhz tu;j;jfu;fs; Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp tu;j;jfj;jpy; Neubahf
<Lglf; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ khfhzj;jpy; cs;s tq;fpfspy; LC jpwf;ff;
$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> fhq;Nfrd;Jiw kw;Wk;/my;yJ gUj;jpj;Jiw
JiwKfq;fs; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L nghJthf Vida ehLfSlDk; Fwpg;ghf ,e;jpahTlDk;
Vw;Wkjp> ,wf;Fkjp tu;j;jfj;jpy;; Neubahf <Lgl topNfhy Ntz;Lk;.
cjhuzj;jp;w;F> ,e;jpahtpypUe;J Neubahf fhq;Nfrd;Jiw> gUj;jpj;Jiw Jiw
Kfq;fSf;Fg; nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjd; %yk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nryTfspy; Fwpg;gpl;l
msT Nrkpg;ig Vw;gLj;jyhk;. jw;rkak; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J rPnke;J kl;LNk
gUj;jpj;Jiwj; JiwKfj;jpw;F ,e;jpa fld; trjpapd; fPo; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
,yq;if flw;gil jsnkhd;W ,Ug;gjdhy; fhq;Nfrd;Jiw JiwKfk; thzpg NjitfSf;fhfg;
gad;gLj;j Kbahj epiy ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ.
5.
tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; cs;s jdpahu; kw;Wk; mur tu;j;jf tq;fpfs; jkJ jhuhs
fld; toq;fy; nfhs;iffs; %yk; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; tu;j;jf eltbf;iffs; Kd;Ndw cjt
Ntz;Lk;. tlf;F fpof;fpy; epyTk; tpNrl re;ju;g;g #o;epiy tpNrl Nritfis Ntz;b
epw;fpd;wJ.
6.
jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs; tlf;F fpof;F kf;fsplk; tup mwtpLtij jtpu;j;Jf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf typik Fd;wpa kf;fSf;fhd jkJ r%f NritfSf;F
tuj;jfu;fsplkpUe;J mDruid mD$yk; ngwyhk;.
7.
jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs; tUle;NjhWk; jkf;F cs;ehl;bYk; ntspehl;bYk;
fpilf;Fk; ed;nfhilfs;> tupfs; vd;gtw;iwAk; mtw;iw vt;thW nrytpLfpd;wdu;
vd;gjidAk; ntspg;gilahfg; gpuRupf;f Ntz;Lk;.
8.
jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jkJ MSifia ntFthf khw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jhWkhwhd
Ml;Nru;g;G> murpay; vjpupfisj; Jd;GWj;jy;> thlif nrYj;jhky; jdpahu;
tPLfs;> fl;blq;fspy; Fbnfhs;Sjy; vd;gd cldbahf epWj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
9.
jkpo; <o tpLjiyg; Gypfs; jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;L gpuNjrj;jpy; nghUspay; eltbf;iffs;
kw;Wk; rkhe;jpukhd nghJr;Nritfs; vd;gtw;iw (fhty;Jiw> ePjpr;Nrit cl;gl)
Nkw;nfhs;tijj; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fs; fle;j ,UgJ tUlq;fshf kpfTk;
ntw;wpfukhf jkpo; Njrj;jpidg; ghJfhj;J te;jikiaNa gpuj;jpNakhf ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
xU nghJepu;thf NritiaNah> nghUshjhu Kfhikj;Jtj;ijNah elj;JtJ vd;gJ Nghu;
GuptJld; xg;gpLifapy; ghupastpy; tpj;jpahrkhdJ. Kd;$wpa ,uz;ilAk; nra;tjw;F
Kw;wpYk; Ntwhd njhopy;jpwd; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Gyp ,af;fj;jpduplk;> Jujpu;\;ltrkhf>
kpf mupjhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
10.
nghJthf> jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs; ,af;fk; jkpo; Njrj;jpd; Vf gpujpepjpahf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl jFjpahtjw;F jk;ikj; jPtpukhfr; rPu;j;jpUj;jpf; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.
,yq;if cs;Su; Nghupd; ,U
jiyik epiyahsu;fSk;> ,yq;if MAjg; gilapdu; kw;Wk; jkpo; <o tpLjiyg;
Gypfs;> ,e;j Ma;Tf; fl;Liuapy; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;s tlf;F fpof;F khfhz nghUshjhu
kPl;rpf;fhd epWtduPjpahd ,ilA+Wfisf; fisahjtplj;J ,yq;ifapd; jkpo; Njr kf;fspd;
ey;tho;tpw;Fk;> nghUshjhuj;jpd; kW kyu;r;rpf;Fk; vd khfhzj;jpy; If;fpa
ehLfs; mikjpfhf;Fk; gil xd;wpid epiyepWj;Jk; rhj;jpaf; $Wfis Muha;jy; ed;ik
gag;gjhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
Mrpupaupdhy; vOjg;gl;l
njhlu;Gs;s fl;Liufs;
1.
,yq;ifapd; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; tu;j;jfk; Nkw;nfhs;sy;: gpur;rpidfs;>
re;ju;g;gq;fs;> kw;Wk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs;. Mdp 2002.
2.
Gypfs;> tupfs;> kw;Wk; jkpo; kf;fs;. Mdp 2002.