NjhoH NfjP]; rpy epidTfs;

 

-- =jud; (RF)

 

1980 fspd; Kw;gFjpapy; aho;g;ghzk; Mbaghjk; tPjpapy; aho; gy;fiyfof MrphpaHfSf;fhd tpLjpnahd;wpy; xU ,uTg; nghOjpy; mtiu Kjd; Kjypy; ehd; re;jpj;Njd;. mg;NghJ mtH vjpHfhyj;jpy; vq;fSld; ,ize;J nraw;gl NghfpwhH Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;;e;j tuyhw;Wg; ghj;jpunkhd;iw mw;wg; NghfpwhH vd;W ehd; fdtpYk; epidj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. aho; Flhehl;L fpuhkg; Gwq;fspy; tHf;f hPjpahfTk;> rhjp hPjpahfTk; xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; r%f nghUshjhu Nkk;ghL njhlHghf mtUld; Ngrr; nrd;w fpuhkpa ciog;ghsH rq;fk;> <o khztH nghJ kd;wk; Mfpatw;wpd; gpujpepjpfs; mlq;fpa FOtpNyNa ehDk; nrd;wpUe;Njd;. NjhoH NfjP]; fhyQ;nrd;w ,lJrhhp Gj;jp[Ptp epA+l;ld; Fzrpq;f ,d;DnkhUtH mtiu rhpahf Qhgfkpy;iy aho;Flhehl;L nrk;kz; gpuNjr twpa $yp tptrhapfspd; tho;it Nkk;gLj;JtJ vt;thW vd;gNj vkJ fye;Jiuahlypy; fUg;nghUshf ,Ue;jJ. mtHfs; epyq;fSld; fl;lg;gl;bUg;gjpy; ,Ue;Jk; r%f mbikj;jdj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; tpLgLtjw;fhd khHf;fk; gw;wp tpthjpj;Njhk;. NjhoH NfjP]; rpy khw;W Vw;ghLfs; njhlHghd Kd;nkhopTfis Kd;itj;jhH. tptrha tpisnghUl;fis irf;fps;fspy; nfhz;L nrd;W jufHfSlhf my;yhky; Nehpilahf tpepNahfk; nra;tJ rpy cs;Sh; tsq;fis nfhz;l njhopyfq;fis epWTtJ gw;wp NgrpdhH. xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; Rakhpahij nfsutj;Jld; tho;tjw;fhd toptiffs; gw;wpa Ngr;R Kjd;ik ngw;wpUe;jJ. mg;NghJ mtH ,yq;if r%f tpQ;Qhdpfs; kd;wj;jpd; mq;fj;jtuhf ,Ue;jhH. vq;fsJ Ngr;R r%f nghUshjhu tpLjiyAld; Njrpa tpLjiy gw;wpa vy;iyfSf;Fk; nrd;wJ. epA+l;ld; Fzrpq;fh ,dq;fspd; RaepHza chpik gw;wp njspthd epiyg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;bUe;j xU ,lJrhhp fy;tpkhd;. vq;fsJ Ngr;R rHtNjr tptfhuq;fSf;Fk; tphpe;jJ. nfLgpb aj;jf;fhyk; Nrhtpaj; rhHG mzp> mnkhpf;f rhHG mzp vd cyfk; ,uz;L Kfhkhf ,Ue;j fhyk; njhopyhsH tHf;fj;jpd; jhafk; Nrhtpaj; A+dpad; vd;wpUe;j fhyk;. epA+l;ld; Fzrpq;f mtHfs; mt;tplj;jpy; eifr;Ritahd fijnahd;iw $wpdhH. gphpj;jhdpa ntsptptfhu mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j lf;s]; fpA+Kk; Nrhtpaj; A+dpadpd; ntsptptfhu mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j md;hp FNuhkpf;NfhTk; re;jp;j;Jf;nfhz;l NghJ lf;s]; fpA+k; $wpdhuhk; njhopyhsp tHf;fj;ijg; gw;wp NgRtjw;F vdf;Fj;jhd; jFjp cz;L ehd; njhopyhsp tHf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;jtd; ePH Kjyhsp tHf;f gpd;Gyj;ij nfhz;ltH vd;W Fnuhkpf;Nfhit ghHj;J Ngrpdhuhk;. mjw;F FNuhkpf;Nfh mikjpahf Mk; ehq;fs; ,UtUNk gpwe;j tHf;fq;fSf;F  JNuhfk; nra;J tpl;Nlhk; vd;W. ,e;j eifr;Rit gyUf;Fk; njhpe;j gpugykhd xd;Wjhd; Mdhy; ehd; mg;NghJjhd; mij Nfs;tpg;gl;Nld;.

 

NjhoH NfjP]; Njrpa ,dq;fspd; RaepHza chpik gw;wpa rpy fUj;Jf;fis njhptpj;jhH.

 

epuQ;rdh vd;w Gid ngahpy; Nfus ehtyhrphpauhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vOjg;gl;l epidTfs; moptjpy;iy vd;w ehty; vk;khy; XusTf;F thrpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ehk; vkJ NtiyfspYk; xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhf epd;w me;j fjhghj;jpuq;fshy;  ntFthf <Hf;fg;gl;bUe;Njhk;.

 

,e;j re;jpg;gpw;F gpd;dH ehq;fs; <o khztH Fuy; gj;jphpif tpepNahfpf;f tPL tPlhf nrd;wpUe;j rkak; Nfhtpy; tPjpapy; mtuJ epWtdk; xd;wpYk; mtiu re;jpj;Njhk;. <LghLk; <Hg;Gk; mjpfkhfpaJ. gpd;dH Nfhapy; tPjpapy; cs;s mtuJ tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;W fye;Jiuahly;fs; elj;jpNdhk;. mg;NghJ gaq;futhjj; jilr;rl;lj;jpd; fPo; epfo;e;J nfhz;bUe;j ifJfs; xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fis mzpjpul;LtJ vt;thW vd;gnjy;yhk; vkJ fye;Jiuahly; tplaq;fshf ,Ue;jd. mtH vq;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;jpdhH. kdpj chpikfSf;fhd rpiwapy; ,Ue;J jkpo; murpay; ifjpfis tpLtpg;gjw;fhd vkJ <o khztH nghJkd;wj;jpd; Kd;ndLg;Gf;fSf;F gfpuq;fkhfTk; gfpuq;fkpy;yhkYk; cjtpdhH.

 

,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; vq;fis Ml;fshf kjpj;J cw;rhfg;gLj;jpatHfspy; NguhrphpaH ifyhrgjpAk; xUtH. aho;g;ghzk; jghy;fl;ilr; re;jpapy; vq;fis vNjr;irahf fz;l ifyhrgjp  jdJ ];$l;liu epWj;jp jk;gpat ey;y Ntiy nra;wPas; tplhky; njhlHe;J ,Nj topapy; nry;Yq;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lJ Qhgfk;.

 

NguhrphpaH ifyhrgjp NjhoH NfjP]pd; ez;gH vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

 

gpd;dH aho; rpwhk;gpab xOq;ifapy; mtH mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; Ma;T fy;tp njhlHghly; Mfpatw;Wf;fhd epWtdnkhd;iw elj;jpdhH. mq;F r%f nghUshjhu tplaq;fs; gw;wpa gy fUj;juq;Ffs; ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. kzpak; fl;blj;jp;y; Nky; jsj;jpy; me;j epWtdk; mike;jpUe;jJ. me;jf; fl;blj;jpy; vkJ gy fUj;juq;Ffs; $l;lq;fs; Mfpatw;iw elj;Jtjw;F NjhoH NfjP]; jhuhskhf mDkjpj;jpUe;jhH. ehq;fs; $yp tptrhapfSf;fhd fUj;juq;Ffs; ngz;fSf;fhd fUj;juq;Ffs; khztHfSf;fhd fUj;juq;Ffs; vd vz;zw;w $l;lq;fis elj;jpNdhk;. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; xl;lg;gLk; mNdfkhd  Rtnuhl;bfs; mq;Fjhd; tiuag;gl;ld. me;j tifapy; mJ vk;ikg; nghWj;jtiu xU rhpj;jpu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,lk;. njw;fpy; ,Ue;J te;j tptrhapfs; rq;fj;jiytHfs; FUdhfy; jpUj;je;ij Nahfhd; Njthde;jh njw;fpd; tptrhapfspd; mDgtq;fis vk;Kld; mq;F itj;J gfpHe;jpUf;fpwhH. mf;fhy fl;lj;jpy; fpA+ghtpw;Fk; gy yj;jPd; mnkhpf;f ehLfSf;Fk; tp[ak; nra;Jtpl;L jpUk;gpapUe;j jahd; n[ajpyf;f epf;fuFthtpd; rhd;bdp];lh ,af;fk; vt;thW kf;fis mzpjpul;b xU Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ntw;wp ngw;wJ vd;gJ gw;wpa fUj;juq;nfhd;iw elj;jpdhH. NjhoH tujuh[g;ngUkhs; mg;NghJ aho; gy;fiyfofj;jpy; tphpTiuahsuhf ,Ue;jtH mtuJ ciuia nkhop ngaHj;jhH. NjhoH NfjP]; rl;lg;G+Htkhd r%f nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhf njhlq;fpapUe;j me;j epWtdk; Vwj;jho vkJ ufrpa jiyikf;fhhpahyak; Nghy; nraw;gl;lJ. mtUila tPl;bYk; ehq;fs; njw;fpypUe;J te;j NjhoHfSld; ciuahly;fis elj;jpNdhk;. md;W ,J kpfTk; Mgj;jhd fhhpak;. NjhoH NfjP]; Mgj;ij vjpHNehf;Ftjw;Fk; jahuhf ,Ue;jhH. mtUila aho;g;ghzj;J nry;thf;Fkpf;f gpd;Gyj;ijr; NrHe;j ahUk; epidj;Jg;ghHf;f Kbahj fhhpaj;ij mtH nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhH. mtH tpLjiyiag; gw;wp tha;r;rthly; tpLk; Gj;jp[Ptpay;y mtH eilKiw hPjpahd vz;zq;fis nfhz;bUe;jhH. mtH jdJ nry;thf;fhd gpd;Gyq;fis Jwe;J vq;fSld; If;fpakhf;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. 1982 xU tpbfhiyg; nghOjpy; mtuJ epWtdj;jpy; ,uit fopj;J tpl;L ehDk; NjhoH ehghTk; irf;fpspy; NjhoH NfjP]pd; tpl;bw;F nrd;Nwhk;. NjhoH ehgh irf;fpis typj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. ehd; ghhpy; mkHe;jpUe;Njd;. ,ilapy; Nfhtpy; tPjpapy; yq;fhuhzp mUsH tPl;by; ,wq;fp mtUila kidtp gps;isfsplk; Rfk; tprhhpj;J tpl;L jpUk;gTk; NjhoH NfjP]pd; tPl;bw;F Gwg;gl;Nlhk;. me;jf; fhyj;jpy; nlypNghdpy; Neuk; xOq;F nra;Jtpl;L nry;tJ tof;fkpy;iy.  

 

mq;F mg;NghJjhd; NjhoH ehghit NjhoH NfjP]; Kjd; Kjypy; re;jpf;fpwhH. NjhoH ehgh ePz;l ciufis Mw;Wtjpy;iy. RUf;fkhf fdjpahf mikjpahf NgRthH. me;jr; re;jpg;G tpNtfhde;jUf;Fk; ukzUf;Fk; ,ilNa epfo;e;j re;jpg;G Nghy; me;j ntapy; Vwhj fhiyg; nghOjpy; vdf;F xU czHit Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

 

NjhoH NfjP]; xUKiw vd;Dila gpd;dzpapy; xU tiuaiwf;F Nky; tuKbAkh vd;W mikjpahf Nfl;lhH. 80 fspd; Kw;gFjpapy;  tlf;fpy; Njrpa xLf;FKiw mur gaq;futhjk; jiytphpj;jhba fhyj;jpy; njw;fpy; kf;fspd; [dehaf chpikfs; kWf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. Ntiy epWj;jk; nra;j njhopyhsHfs; Ntiyapy; ,Ue;J tPjpf;F tpul;lg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. [dehaf chpikfSf;fhf NghuhLgtHfs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;Lk;> jhf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. yq;fh rkrkh[f; fl;rpapd; rpNu\;l mq;fj;jtUk; Kd;dzp ngz;fs; chpik thjpAkhd tptpad; Fzuj;dh nghyprhuhy; jhf;fg;gl;bUe;jhH. ,e;jr; re;jH;g;gj;jpy; NjhoH NfjP]pd; Vw;ghl;by; <og; ngz;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpf;Fk; nfhOk;G fyhgtd  kz;lgj;jpy; eilngw;w rHtNjr kfspH jpd fUj;juq;fpw;F vkf;F miog;G te;jJ. mg;NghJ ehd; tTdpahtpy; epd;wpUe;Njd;. ehDk; fhyQ;nrd;w NjhoH Ntjehafk; gj;jpkehafk; ma;ahTk; ,d;DnkhU fhyQ;nrd;w NjhoUk; tTdpahtpy; ,Ue;J uapy; Vwp nfhOk;G Gwg;gl;Nlhk;. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,Ue;J %d;W <o ngz;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpiar; NrHe;j NjhoHfs; te;jpUe;jdH. tpfhukfhNjtp G+q;fhtpw;F mUfhikapy; cs;s fyhgtdj;jpd; Kd;dhy; njw;fpy; cs;s ngz;fs; mikg;Gf;fs; vy;yhk; NrHe;J MHg;ghl;lk; eilngw;wJ. tlf;F fpof;fpy; kf;fSf;F vjpuhd Njrpa xLf;FKiwf;F vjpuhfTk; njw;fpy; [dehaf chpikfSf;fhfTk; Nfh\q;fs; vOg;gg;gl;ld. gpd;dH fyhgtdj;jpy; rHtNjr kfspH jpd $l;lk; eilngw;wJ. mjpy; tlf;fpy; ,Ue;J te;j xNunahU ngz;fs; mikg;ghd <o ngz;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpAk; te;jpUe;jJ. nfhOk;gpy; jiykiwthf epd;wpUe;j NjhoH ehghTk; te;jpUe;jhH. vkJ ntF[d mikg;Gf;fs; xU miugfpuq;f epiyapy; Ntiy nra;af;$ba rhj;jpak; ,Ue;jJ.

 

,f; $l;lj;jpd; gpd;dH ,yq;ifapd; gpugy r%f Ma;thsUk;> ,lJrhhpAk; ngz;zpathjpAkhd Fkhhp n[atHj;jdtplk; NjhoH NfjP]; vq;fis mioj;Jr; nrd;whH. mtUld; fye;JiuahLtjw;F NfjP]; cjtp nra;jhH. ehq;fs; mg;NghJ nfhz;bUe;j fUj;J epiyapd; mbg;gilapy; ngz; tpLjiy vd;gJ Nrh\ypr Gul;rpapd; xU gFjpNa vd;w fUj;J vd;Ds; Nt&d;wp ,Ue;jJ. ehd; ,jid Fkhhp n[atHj;jd mtHfsplk; njhptpj;Njd;. mg;gbahdhy; ,yq;ifapy; Nrh\yprk; tUk;tiu cq;fs; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ij xj;jpg;Nghl KbAkh vd Fkhhp n[atHj;jd vd;dplk; tpdtpdhH. ePz;l gy tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dHjhd; mtH $wpaJ vdf;F Ghpe;jJ. mtH $wpaJ ngz;fspd; Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhd ,af;fk; RahjPdkhdJ mJ njhlHr;rpahdJ mjid NtW ve;j Ntiyj;jpl;lj;JlDk; ,izj;J xj;jpg;Nghl KbahJ mNjNghy;jhd; Njrpa ,dq;fspd; Ra epHzaj;Jf;fhd Nfhhpf;ifAk; vd;gJ gpd;dhspy; vdf;Fg; Ghpe;jJ.

 

1983 ,w;Fg; gpe;jpa R+oypy; nejHyhe;jpd; n`a;f;fpw;F jdJ GyikrhH nraw;ghLfSf;fhf nrd;w NfjP]; mq;Fk; ,yq;ifapy; Njrpa xLf;FKiw kw;Wk; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsHfSld; njhlHG nfhz;lhH. gpd;dH nrd;idapy; ,Ue;j NjhoH ehghTld; njhlHG nfhz;L <.gp.MH;.vy;.vg; ,y; KONeukhf gzp nra;tjw;fhd jdJ tpUg;gj;ij njhptpj;jhH. <og; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <.gp.MH.vy;.vg; ,d; gq;fspg;G vd;w xU rpW ifE}iy mtH Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpapUe;jhH.  mjpy; tlf;F fpof;fpy; ehq;fs; nra;j ntF[d Ntiyfs; vjpHg;G ,af;fq;fs; gw;wp fhy thpirg;gb Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH. mtH nrd;idf;F tu ,Ue;j rkak; ehd; nrd;idapy; epd;wpUe;Njd;. FWfpa ehl;fspy; ehL jpUk;gptpl;Nld;. jpUk;gpa rpy khjq;fspy; ehd; kapypl;bapy; itj;J ,yq;if ,uhZtj;jpduhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;Nld;. 1986 fspd; ,Wjpg;gFjp tiu ,uhZt Kfhk;fs;> ntypfilr;rpiw vd fhyk; Xbf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. NjhoH NfjP]; vkJ mikg;gpd; Ngr;rhsuhf nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. 1984 ,y; epfo;e;j vkJ KjyhtJ fhq;fpurpy; mtH gq;Fgw;wpaijAk; mtH 1985 ,y; jpk;G khehl;by; tfpj;j tuyhw;Wg; ghj;jpuj;ijAk; ehd; rpiwapy; ,Ue;jNghJ mury; Guryhf te;j nra;jpfspD}lhf mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. <o Njrpa tpLjiy Kd;dzpapd; cUthf;fj;jpy; NjhoH NfjP]pd; gq;F Kf;fpakhdJ. gy $l;lq;fspy; gq;Fgw;wpapUf;fpwhH. jkpofj;jpd; ,lJrhhp jiytHfs; jpuhtpl ,af;fq;fisr; rhHe;jtHfs;> fy;tpkhd;fis khj;jpuky;y nly;ypapYk; mtH <.gp.MH.vy;.vg; ,w;F gykhd xU ghpr;raj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jhH. 1987 Kw;gFjpapy; rpiwapy; ,Ue;J tpLjiyahfp nrd;id nrd;w NghJ nrd;id rHf;fhhpah nfhyzpapy; NjhoH ehgh cl;gl 13 NgH nfhy;yg;gl;l mNj tPl;by; mtiu ehd; re;jpj;Njd;. kpfTk; czHr;rpfukhd fdq;fs; mit. vkJ ,af;fk; Gypfshy; jilnra;ag;gl;L gy NjhoHfs; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;L epHf;fjpahf ,Ue;j R+oypy; xU Jasukhd kNdhepiy epytpa fhyj;jpy; ehd; mtiu re;jpj;Njd;. NjhoH gj;kehgh ehl;by; vkJ NjhoHfSf;F epfoe;j mdHj;jq;fs; fhuzkhf mtHfSf;F cjTtjw;fhd nrad;Kiwfspy; <Lgl;bUe;jhH. mtH ,uhkehjk; khtl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J vkJ ehl;bYs;s NjhoHfSld; njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd gzpfspy; <Lgl;bUe;jhH.

 

NjhoH NfjP]pd; tPL rHf;fhhpah nfhydpapy; vkJ fhhpahyaj;Jf;F mUfhikapy; xU khb FbapUg;gpy; mike;jpUe;jJ. md;W khiy mtUila tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;wpUe;Njd;. mtu kidtp mg;gNyh kUj;Jtkidapy; kpfTk Fiwe;j rk;gsj;jpy; xU tuNtw;ghsuhf Ntiy nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhH.mjpy; NjhoH NfjP]pd; Jiztpahuhd gthdp mtHfspd; gq;fspg;G kfj;jhdJ. mtHfs; ,UtUk; xUtiunahUtH Nerpj;j mkuj;Jtkhd jk;gjpfs;. me;j rk;gsj;jpy; tWikapy; nrk;ikahf tho;e;J nfhz;L nraw;gl;lhH. ,af;fk; mt;tg;NghJ vijAk; cjtpfis nra;af;$bajhf ,Ue;jNj jtpu njhlHr;rpahf vijAk; vijAk; nra;af;$bajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. NjhoH NfjP]; jhd; Nghf;Ftuj;J nra;tjw;F me;jf; fhy hp.tp.v]; irf;fps; xd;iw itj;jpUe;jhH. mtH jdpahf rfy ,lq;fSf;Fk; nrd;W gyiuAk; re;jpj;J te;jhH. me;j tho;f;ifia mtH kdjhu Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. cyfpd; VNjhnthU %iyapy; cl;fhHe;J nfhz;L nrsfhpakhf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; rf NjhoHfspd; ,d;g Jd;gq;fSld; jhDk; xUtuhf tho;e;jhH. jd;dk;gpf;ifAk; rthy;fSk; ,og;Gf;fSk; Kuz;ghLfSk; If;fpaKk; vd;W <.gp.MH;.vy;.vg; ajhHj;jkhd xU r%f ,af;fk; vd;w tifapy; gazg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. 1987 ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;ij Vw;W nraw;gLtJ  gw;wpa  kj;jpaFO $l;lq;fspy; ,Wjpahf eilngw;wf; $l;lj;jpy; mj;jpdj;jpy; md;Nw mtUila jhahH NtW ehnlhd;wpy; kuzpj;jpUe;jhH. $l;lj;jpd; ,Wjpapy;jhd; mtH ,jidj; njhptpj;jhH. ,jd; gpd;dH mtH jdJ Gyikj;Jt nraw;ghLfis njhlu fl;rpg; gzpfspy; ,Ue;J xJq;Ftjw;F mDkjp NfhhpdhH. mJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Nkw;F tq;fj;jpy; ,e;jpa khHf;rp];l; fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; tpg;Nyhjh]; Fg;jh vd;w ,tuJ gy;fiyfof rfh ,e;jpa khHf;rp];l; fl;rpapd; kj;jpaFO cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;jtH. rkfhyj;jpNyNa ,UtUk; ,t;thwhd xU Gul;rpfu murpay; rf;jpapd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F te;jpUg;gjhf mtH epidT $He;jhH.

 

NehHNtapk; jdJ gy;fiyfof gbg;G tphpTiu Neuq;fs; Nghf kpFjp Neuj;jpy; fl;rp gzpahw;wpdhH. 1988 ,d; ,Wjpthf;fpy; mtH jpUkiy te;J vk;iknay;yhk; re;jpj;J nrd;whH.

 

NehHNtapy; Gyp ghrp];Lf;fspd; V[z;Lfshy; $l;lnkhd;wpy; itj;J jhf;fg;gl;l rk;gtq;fSk; cz;L.

 

1990 ,y; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzrig Gypfs; gpNukjhrh $l;L rjpapdhy; rPHFiyf;fg;gl;L ,e;jpa  mikjpfhg;G gil ntspNaw Ntz;ba R+o;epiy Vw;gl;L <o kf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzpapd; NjhoHfs;> MjuthsHfs; FLk;gq;fs; ,e;jpahtpw;F ,e;jpahtpw;F Gyk; ngaHe;J nry;y Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJ.

 

NjhoH gj;kehghtpd; miog;gpd; Nghpy; ,af;fk; fLikahd neUf;fbfis vjpHNehf;fpa fhyj;jpy; jdf;F NehHNtapy; fpilj;j trjp tha;g;Gf;fis vy;yhk; Jwe;J nly;ypapy; te;J fl;rpg; gzpahw;wpdhH.

 

,f;fhyfl;;lj;jpy;jhd; NjhoH gj;kehgh nrd;idapy; 1990 [_d; 19 gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhH. mtH cldbahfNt tpiue;J te;J mthpd; ,Wjp mQ;ryp epfo;r;rpfspy; gq;Fgw;wpaNjhL fl;rpapd; vjpHfhyk; jiyikj;Jtk; gw;wpa fye;Jiuahly;fspy; <Lgl;lhH.

 

NjhoH ehghtpd; epidT kyH jahhpg;gjpy; mjw;fhf ,uq;fy; nra;jpfis ,e;jpahtpd; Kd;dhs; gpujkH uh[Pt;fhe;jp cl;gl gy;NtW murpay; fl;rpj; jiytHfs;> fy;tpkhd;fs;> gj;jphpifahsHfsplk; mDjhgr; nra;jpfis Nrfhpj;J mDg;gp epidT kyhpd; fdjpia mjpfhpj;jhH. mtH ,yq;iff;Nfh my;yJ nrd;idf;Nfh njhiyNgrp vLg;gjhdhy; jw;Nghija trjpfs; vJTk; fpilahJ. njhiy Ngrp epiyaq;fSf;Fr; nrd;Nwh my;yJ &gh ehzaq;fis Nghl;L NgRk; rpy gpuj;jpNafkhd njhiyNgrpfSf;F nrd;Nwh jfty;fis> nra;jpfis ghpkhwpf;nfhs;thH. nrsfhpakpy;yhj tPjpNahuq;fspy; epd;W ,f; fhhpaj;ij mtH toikahf NeHj;jpahf nra;jhH.

 

1992 ,y; ,yq;if te;j NjhoH NfjP]; <o kf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzpapd; rhHgpy; jdJ nraw;ghLfis nfhOk;ig ikakhf itj;J Nkw;nfhz;lhH. mtUf;F nfhOk;gpy; cs;s GyikrhH nraw;ghl;lhsHfs; ,uh[je;jpu tl;lhuq;fspYk; ,lJrhhp fl;rpfs; Vida murpay; fl;rpfspd; jiytHfs; kj;jpapYk; ghpr;rak; Vw;gl;lJ. gy GJg;gpf;fg;gl;ld. jkpo; fhHbad; vd;w Mq;fpy khjhe;j gj;jphpifnahd;W mtuhy; fl;rpf;fhf nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. mtH ,dg;gpur;rpid jPHTf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;l kq;fs Kdrpq;f FOtpYk; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpj;jhH. mjpfhu gfpHtpD}L ,yq;if xU Njrkhf ghpzkpg;gNj mtUila murpay; Gyikj;Jt mf;fiwf;Fhpa tplakhf ,Ue;jJ.

 

Vfgpujpepjpj;Jtj;ijNah my;yJ Vfkhw;W my;yJ miuFiw [dehafj;ijNah mtH Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ fpilahJ. $l;L KbTfspy; mtH ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jhH. [dehafk;> kdpj chpikfis mbg;gilahf nfhz;l r%fj;ij mtH mthTw;wpUe;jhH. fl;rpapd; gj;jphpifia mjpfhu gfpHT njhlHghd Mtzq;fisNah mtH nry;Yk; fUj;juq;Ffspy; my;yJ NtW epfo;r;rpfspy; tpepNahfpg;gjpYk; mtH xU fl;rp CopaH Nghy; nraw;gl;lhH.

 

fl;rpapy; epyTk; jtwhd Nghf;Ffis mt;tg;NghJ tpkHrpf;fTk; jtwtpy;iy. jiyikj;Jt ghq;F epjp Mjhuq;fis ifahs;tJ $l;L nraw;ghL njhlHgpy; mtH gy tplaq;fis typAWj;jp ,Uf;fpwhH. [dehafthjpfs; mtUf;F gf;fj;Jizahf epd;whHfs;. NguhiriaAk; RaeyKk; jdpegH topghl;L Cf;Ftpg;Gk; mtUf;F mwNt gpbf;fhj tplaq;fs;. ghpthuq;fs; itj;J elj;Jk; murpay; mtUf;F xj;JtuhJ. fl;rpapDs; mt;tg;NghJ ,j;jifa Ml;fspd; Ra cUtq;fs; ntspg;gl;lNghJ jaTjhl;rzpakpy;yhj tpkHrdq;fis Kd;itj;jhH.

 

Mq;fpyj;jpy; fle;j 20 Mz;Lfspy; <o kf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzpapdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l mwpf;iffs; ifE}y;fs; midj;jpYk; NjhoH NfjP]pd; nry;thf;F ,Uf;fNt nra;Ak;. mtH nfhOk;gpy; Ntiy nra;j fhyj;jpy;$l ghJfhg;ig ngw;Wf; nfhz;ltuy;y. xUGwk; Gypfspd; CLUtYk; kWGwk; gpNukjhrh murpd; kdpj chpik kPwy;fSk; vd;wpUe;j fhyj;jpy; $l mtH jdf;nfd ghJfhg;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ltuy;y. mtH ve;j tPl;L thrypy; itj;J gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhNuh mNjtPl;by; ,Ue;Jjhd; jdJ murpay; Gyikj;Jt flikfSf;fhf ntt;NtW ,lq;fSf;F nrd;W te;jhH.

 

1994 ,y; fl;rpapy; ,Ue;J tpyfp jkJ Gyikj;Jt nraw;ghLfSf;fhf nrd;w ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; mtH jdpj;Jtkhf kpspHe;jhH. Kjypy; nfhOk;G gy;fiyfof murpay; tpQ;Qhd gPlj;jpy; mjpfhu gfpHT njhlHghd Ma;T eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;lhH. gpd;dH khw;Wf; nfhs;iff;fhd epiyaj;jpy; ,ize;J gzpahw;wpdhH. ,d Kuz;ghLfs; njhlHghd Ma;T gphptpw;F mtH jiytuhf ,Ue;jhH. khw;Wf; nfhs;iff;fhd epiyaj;jpy; mtH Ntiy nra;Ak; NghJ mtHfshy; elj;jg;gl;l gy fUj;juq;Ffspy; mtH jdpj;Jtkhf kpspHe;jhH. mtH kpf $hpa mtjhdpg;ghsH vd;Wk; kpfj;Jy;ypakhf jHf;f tYTld; fUj;Jf;fis itg;gtH vd;Wk; fUjg;gl;lhH. ,j;jifa fUj;juq;Ffspy; mtH mjpfhu gfpHtpw;fhd nghwpKiwfs; nfhs;iffs; njhlHghf khj;jpuky;y Vfgpujpepjpj;Jtk; khw;Wf; fUj;Jf; nfhz;NlhH gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLtJ K];yPk; kf;fspd; jdpj;Jtk; njhlHghfTk; mt;tg;NghJ mtH fUj;juq;FfspYk; jdJ fl;LiufspYk; typAWj;jp te;jhH. ahUf;Fk; mQ;rp vijAk; G+rp nkOFk; gof;fk; mthplk; fpilahJ. vJTk; new;wpf;F NeNu jPl;rzpakhf mtH fl;rpapypUe;J jdJ Gyikj;Jt nraw;ghLfSf;fhf nrd;wpUe;jhYk; jhd; xU gpd;Gyj;jpy; nraw;gl;L te;jtH vd;gij vg;NghJk; kwe;jJ fpilahJ. ehq;fs; vkJ gj;jphpifapy; vOJk; tplaq;fspYk; rhp ehq;fs; tpLf;Fk; mwpf;iffspYk; rhp my;yJ vkJ eltbf;iffspYk; rhp mtH xU mtjhdpg;ig vg;NghJk; itj;jpUe;jhH. mtUf;F tpkHrdq;fs; ,Ug;gpd; cldbahfNt njhiyNgrp Clhf vk;kplk; mjid tpkHrdkhfNth my;yJ jtWfis jpUj;Jtjw;fhd MNyhridfshfNth  Kd; itg;ghH.

 

NjhoH nwNgl; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lNghJ njhiyNgrp Clhf me;j nra;jpia mtUf;F njhptpj;jNghJ mtH cldbahf mOJtpl;lhH. gpd;dH aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,Ue;J NjhoH nwhNgl;bd; cly; nfhOk;Gf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lNghJ jhd; Kjypy; mtiu ghHf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W [aul;dh kyHrhiyf;F te;J mQ;ryp nrYj;jpr; nrd;whH. NjhoH nwNgl;bd; G+jTlYf;F mUNf NjhoH gj;kehghtpd; glj;ij itf;FkhW vd;dplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH.

 

mtH jdJ Gyikj;Jt nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;lNghJ mtUldhd njhlHGfis itj;jpUg;gjpy; kpf mtjhdkhf ,Ue;Njhk;. ehq;fs; kpfTk; md;dpnahd;dpakhdtHfshf ,Ue;jNghJ gfpuq;fkhd ,lq;fspy; xhpU Gd;KWtYld; epWj;jpf; nfhz;Nlhk;.

 

xU tp];jhukhd [dehaf khw;W mikg;nghd;W Vw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; mtH jPtpu mf;fiw nfhz;bUe;jhH. ,af;fq;fs;> ,af;fq;fSf;F mg;ghw;gl;ltHfs; vd gyiuAk; ,izj;J xU mikg;G epWtg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; mtH jdJ Gyikj;Jt nraw;ghLfSld; jdJ fUj;ij toq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mtUila ,oe;j re;jHg;gq;fs; vd;w E}Yk; rj;jpah vd;w ngahpy; mtH vOjpa fl;LiufSk; mtH 80 fspd; Kw;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ntt;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; vOjpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; ifE}y;fSk; kPs; thrpf;fg;gLtJk; vjpHfhyj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; xU ehfhPfkhd murpay; nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F mtrpakhFk;. mtH kuzj;ij my;y tho;f;ifia nfhz;lhLNthk; vd;W vOjpa fl;Liu vkJ jw;Nghija r%f mtyj;ij Rl;bepw;fpwJ.  NjhoH gj;kehghtpd; epidT E}ypy; vq;fsJ jiytUk; topfhl;bAk; vd;w kFlk; mtuhy; ,lg;gl;lJ. mtH NjhoH gj;kehgh ePyd; jpUr;nry;tk; NjhoH nwhNgl; gw;wp QhgfhHj;j fl;Liufis tiue;Js;shH.

 

kpfTk; vspikahdJk; rpf;fdkhdJk; mtuJ tho;f;if mtUf;F rpy cly; hPjpahd gpur;rpidfs; ,Ue;j NghJk; mtuJ fl;Lg;ghlhd tho;f;if KiwapdhNyNa mtuhy; fLikahf ciof;f Kbe;jJ.

 

mtH ntWk; ,d milahsq;fSf;Fs; jd;id mlf;fpf; nfhz;ltuy;y. mtH xU rHtNjrthjpahf xU khdpldhf jd;id milahsg;gLj;jp ,Ue;jhH.

 

,yq;ifapy; khj;jpuky;y INuhg;ghtpy; tl mnkhpf;fhtpy; mtH gy fUj;juq;fspy; gq;Fgw;wpapUf;fpwhH. gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;l Kd;dhs; ,e;jpag; gpujkH uh[Pt; fhe;jp mtHfisAk; uhk%Hj;jp Nghd;w khHf;rpa fl;rp jiytHfisAk; `f;rH Nghd;w rhpj;jputpayhsHfisAk; mtH re;jpj;J fye;JiuahbapUf;fpwhH.

 

1990 ,y; nrd;idapy; ,Ue;J vd;idAk; ,d;DnkhU NjhoiuAk; nly;ypf; mioj;jpUe;jhH. ,e;jpa murpay; fl;rpfspd; jiytHfs;> ClftpayhsHfis re;jpg;gjw;fhd xUthu nraw;ghlhf mike;jpUe;jJ. mtH ,e;jpa khHf;rpa fl;rpapd; mfpy ,e;jpa nrayhsuhf ,Ue;j RH[pj; mtHfisAk; mg;Nghija Ngr;rhsuhd gpufh\;ful; mtHfisAk; ,e;jpa fk;A+dp];l; fl;rpapd; jiytuhf ,Ue;j gujd; mtHfisAk; vkf;F mwpKfg;gLj;jp itj;jhH. mg;NghJ kj;jpa mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j jkpofj;ijr; NrHe;j fhq;fpu];fhuuhd g.rpjk;guj;jpd; tPl;bw;Fk; ehq;fs; nrd;Nwhk;. ehuhazrhkp cs;spl;l ClftpayhsHfisAk; ehk; re;jpj;Njhk; mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy; Gypfs; K];yPk;fis tlf;if tpl;L tpul;bf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mtH nly;ypapy; ,e;jpa khHf;rpa fl;rpAld; Vw;gLj;jpa cwT NfushtpYk; vkf;F xU MjuT jsj;ij cUthf;fpaJ.

 

NjhoH gj;kehgh kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH 1992 ,y; nrd;id Goy; mfjp Kfhkpy; epfo;e;j ,uz;lhtJ fhq;fpu]py; NjhoH NfjP]; gq;Fgw;wpapUe;jhH. ,uz;lhtJ fhq;fpu]pd; Mq;fpyj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;l mwpf;if mtuhy; nkhop ngaHf;fg;gl;lJ. mtH me;j fhq;fpu]pYk; xU [dehaf epWtdkhf <.gp.MH.vy;.vg; I jftikg;gjpYk; J}u Nehf;Fld; nraw;gLtjw;Fkhd gq;fspg;ig toq;fpdhH. Mf;f rf;jpfis vg;NghJk; Cf;Ftpj;jhH. mjw;fhd cs;SzHTk; njspTk; GhpjYk; mtUf;F ,Ue;jJ.

 

NjhoH NfjP]; vk;Kld; nraw;gl;lJ vkf;nfy;yhk; xU ngUkpjj;ijAk; ek;gpf;ifiaAk; Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mike;jpUe;jJ. mtUila nkhopg; Gyik fUj;Jtsk; tpthj Mw;wy; vd;gd ,q;F Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl Ntz;bad. Foe;ijfs; kPJ mtH Ngud;G nrYj;jpdhH. mtHfSld; ciuahLk; NghJ jhDk; xU Foe;ijahf khwptpLthH.

 

khw;Wf; nfhs;iff;fhd epiyaj;jpd; fUj;juq;Ffspd; NghJ mtH ntt;NtW fUj;J epiyfspd; gpurd;dj;jpw;fhd ,ilntsp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; Mokhd ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jhH. 2002 rkhjhd xg;ge;jj;jpd; gpd;dH epfo;e;j kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; njhlHghf kpFe;j tprdKk; NtjidAk; nfhz;bUe;jhH. NehHNt jug;gpdhplk; tlf;F fpof;fpy; [dehafj;jpw;fhd ,ilntsp njhlHghf mtHfSila tpopg;GzHtpd;ik Fwpj;J NehpilahfNt jdJ tpkHrdq;fis Kd;itj;jpUf;fpwhH.

 

rkhjhd nrayfj;jpy; mtH gzpahw;w nrd;w NghJ ,jpy; cq;fsJ mgpg;gpuhak; vd;d vd;gijAk; Nfl;lhH. mtH Aj;jkw;w ghijapy; ,e;j ehL nry;y Ntz;Lk; jdJ mjpfhug; gfpHtpD}lhd If;fpakhd ,yq;if fl;bnaOg;gg;gLtjw;fhd gq;fspg;ig jhd; ,jpy; toq;f KbAk; vd fUjpapUe;jhH. rthyhd gzpia mtH Kd;ndLj;jpUe;jhH. jkpo; ghrprk; rpq;fs mjpjPtputhj rf;jpfs; ,tw;wpd; tpkHrdq;fs; td;KiwfSf;fpilNa jdJ gzpia Kd;ndLj;jhH. mJ xU Gyikj;Jt gzpahfNt mike;jpUe;jJ. mjpfhu gfpHe;jspg;gpw;fhd fl;rpfspd; gpujpepjpfspd; FOtpw;Fk; mtH jiytuhf ,Ue;jhH. ,dg;gpur;rpidapy; Jiw Njha;e;j mDgtk; tha;e;jtHfs; ,y;yhjnthU ngUq;Fiw ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; mtuJ gzp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhf ,Ue;jJ.

 

kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfs; njhlHgpy; mt;tg;NghJ njhiyNgrpA+lhf Nfl;Lf;nfhs;thH. mtH kuzpj;j md;W fhiyapy; $l CHfhtw;Wiwapy;> kz;iljPtpy; vd;d eilngWfpwJ vd;W Nfl;bUe;jhH. md;iwa jpdk;jhd; mtUila Fuiy ehd; ,Wjpahf Nfl;Ngd; vd;W fdtpYk; epidf;ftpy;iy. jdJ gphpahtpilia mtH mwptpj;jhNuh vd md;W ,uT mtuJ kuzr; nra;jp Nfl;L vd; kdk; Jd;Gw;wJ. mtuJ kuzr;nra;jp xU ghhpa ntWik czHit Vw;gLj;jpaJ. fhy;khHf;]; kuzpj;jNghJ Vq;fy;]; xU cyfpd; khngUk; rpe;jidahsd; ,d;W jhd; rpe;jpg;gij epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhd; vd;W me;j kuzj;jpd; ,og;ig xU thHj;ijapy; tpghpj;jpUe;jhH. vk;ik nghWj;jtiu NfjP]pd; kuzKk; mt;thWjhd;. vkJ r%fj;jpd; vjpHfhyk; ey;tho;T njhlHgpy; ,jaG+Htkhf mf;fiw nrYj;jpa xU cd;dj kdpjd; cyfkhdpld; 2006 Mf];l; 12 ,y; jdJ rpe;jidia epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhH.

 

,e;j r%fj;jpw;F vd;d ele;jpUf;fpwJ jhd; vij ,oe;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gij GhpahjJjhd; kpfTk; mtykhdJ. ,t;thW vj;jidNah kdpjHfs; vkJ r%fj;jpy; capiu kha;j;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ,tHfis ehk; vd;NwhnthU ehs; ,tHfspd; GijFopfspy; ,Ue;J ,tHfis vkJ Njhs;fspy; J}f;fpr; nry;Nthk;. tuyhw;wpd; me;j ehs; ntF J}uj;jpy; ,y;iy. NjhoH NfjPRld; rkfhyj;jpy; tho fpilj;jtHfs; vd;w ngUkpj czHT vkf;F vd;iwf;Fk; cz;L.

 

NjhoH NfjP]; nkype;j cly;thF nfhz;l nkd;ikahf NgRk; fk;gPukhd kdpjH. mtuJ fz;zpy; kdpjj;ij Nerpf;Fk; jPl;rzpak; ,Ue;jJ. xsptPRk; mfd;w new;wp. cd;djkhd khdpld;.

 

xU kdpjd; vg;gb tho Ntz;Lk; vd;W tho;e;J fhl;br; nrd;w kdpjd;. NjhoNu cq;fs; gzpia ehk; njhlHe;J Kd;ndLg;Nghk;. ePq;fs; vq;fs; ,jaq;fspy; tPw;wpUf;fpwPHfs;. ngUe;JaUld; vk; gphpahtpil.